- Author: Stephanie Parreira
- Editor: Tammy Majcherek
Pollinator Week, June 19–25, 2017: Bee Knowledgeable!
—Stephanie Parreira, UC Statewide IPM Program
Bees are the most important pollinators of California agriculture—helping us grow field crops, fruits, nuts, and vegetables. Honey bees receive most of the credit for crop pollination, but many other kinds of bees play an important role as well. There are 1600 species of bees in California! Take time during Pollinator Week to learn about the different kinds of bees and what you can do to help them flourish.
Bees other than honey bees contribute significantly to crop pollination. For example, alfalfa pollination by alfalfa leafcutter bees is worth $7 billion per year in the United States. Other bees can also boost the result of honey bee pollination—in almond orchards, honey bees are more effective when orchard mason bees are present. The more bee species, the merrier the harvest!
While growers often rent honey bee colonies to pollinate their crops, some wild bees pollinate certain crops even better than honey bees do. For instance, bumble bees are more effective pollinators of tomato because they do something honey bees do not: they shake pollen out of flowers with a technique known as buzz pollination. Likewise, native squash bees are better pollinators of cucurbits—unlike honey bees, they start work earlier in the day, and males even sleep in flowers overnight.
How can I help honey bees and other bees?
When it comes to land management and pest management practices, some bees need more accommodations than others. That's why it is important to know what bees are present in your area and important to your crop, and plan for their needs. Use this bee monitoring guide from the University of California to identify the bees present on your farm.
You can help all kinds of bees by using integrated pest management (IPM). This means using nonchemical pest management methods (cultural, mechanical and biological control), monitoring for pests to determine whether a pesticide is needed, and choosing pesticides that are less toxic to bees whenever possible. Check out the UC IPM Bee Precaution Pesticide Ratings to learn about the risks different pesticides pose to honey bees and other bees, and follow the Best Management Practices To Protect Bees From Pesticides.
Bees also need plenty of food to stay healthy and abundant. Plant flowers that provide nectar and pollen throughout the year. See the planting resources below to find out which plants provide year-round food for specific types of bees.
Enjoy your “beesearch!”
Bee Habitat Resources
- Habitat for Bees and Beneficials
- Managing Wild Bees for Crop Pollination
- Native Bee Nest Locations in Agricultural Landscapes
- Farming for Bees: Guidelines for Providing Native Bee Habitat on Farms
- Hedgerow Planting for Pollinators: Central Valley, Central Coast, Southern California
- Conservation Cover for Pollinators: Central Valley, Central Coast, Southern California
- The Integrated Crop Pollination Project: Tools for Growers
Sources
- Insect Pollinated Crops, Insect Pollinators and U.S. Agriculture: Trend Analysis of Aggregate Data for the Period 1992–2009.
- Native bees are a rich natural resource in urban California gardens. (PDF)
- Honey bees are more effective at pollinating almonds when other species of bees are present.
- Author: Tammy Majcherek
Getting ready to plant a vegetable garden? Before you start take a look at the following sites that offer free bed designs along with other helpful tips and tools.
FREE Garden Designs:
http://www.gardeners.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-Gardeners-Site/default/KGP-Design
http://www.gardeners.com/kitchen-garden-planner/preplanned-gardens
http://www.motherearthnews.com/garden-planner/vegetable-garden-planner
http://www.almanac.com/topics/gardening/garden-plans-design
- Author: Tammy Majcherek
Begin the new planting season right. Below are some must have items that will help the spring planting get off to a good start:
Gloves - Protect your hands from whatever's out there.
Pruners - Cleaned and sharpened, ergonomic designs makes the cut
Tool Bag - Whether a bag, or bucket, make sure everything you need is close at hand
Tub Trug - Tote anything from water to weeds
Closed toes shoes – Comfortable, functional footwear such as clogs & boots to keep feet dry and pain free.
Fertilizer - Don't let your plants go hungry – feed ‘em right with a slow release fertilizer if needed.
Composter - Turn your fruit/vegetable scraps and landscape waste into a wonderful amendment for your soil.
Soils - A good soil mix is necessary for successful seed starting and propagation
List above adapted from Gardeners Supply Company(Feb. 15, 2017)
- Editor: Tammy Majcherek
- Author: Lisa A Blecker
- Author: Whitney Brim-DeForest
- Author: A. Katrina Hunter
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PPE in short supply for farm work during the COVID-19 crisis
With increased demand for personal protective equipment, or PPE, to protect against COVID-19, these essential workers are facing shortages. Agricultural commissioners in 28 counties are hearing from farmers who are having trouble getting PPE for their employees and farmers in another 11 counties who are worried about running out of PPE in the next month or two according to a California Department of Pesticide Regulation survey.
Gloves, N95 respirators, coveralls and other gear that workers wear to protect themselves from COVID-19, pesticides, dust and other health hazards are in short supply as priority is given to health care workers during the pandemic.
To reduce the spread of COVID-19, workers may wear homemade face coverings, but for applying pesticides, they must wear respirators specified on the pesticide product label, said Whitney Brim-DeForest, UC Cooperative Extension rice advisor.
Pesticide applicators may use gear that is more protective than required by the product label and regulations.
“Although this could change in the days ahead, half-mask and full-mask respirators are more available than disposable N95 respirators for now,” said Lisa Blecker, coordinator for the UC Pesticide Safety Education Program.
Before the pandemic, 10% of N95 respirators from 3M went to health care, but that number is now 90%, the company said in a letter to distributors. This has led to significant backorders of PPE supplies for distributors.
Carl Atwell, president of Gempler's, an online distributor of worker supplies, said that before the crisis, normal lead times for PPE was up to 10 days. He estimated disposable respirators will become available in the fall and other PPE supplies in August.
In the meantime, there is alternative PPE that agricultural professionals can use during the shortage.
Atwell suggests looking for lesser known brands of PPE as opposed to the first tier of choice: “It's sort of like searching for Purell hand sanitizer. Purell brand might be out of stock, but can you find a different disinfectant?”
On Gempler's website, the more recognizable Tyvek coverall from Dupont is sold out, however disposable protective clothing is available from other brands. Reusable chemical-resistant clothing is also available as opposed to their disposable counterparts. Supplies in high demand are reusable and disposable nitrile gloves, protective clothing, disposable respirators and certain protective eyewear, such as goggles and face shields.
For workers who will be applying pesticides, Blecker and Brim-DeForest offered some guidelines on how to meet PPE requirements as the shortage continues.
General PPE requirements: “Remember, the label is the law,” said Brim-DeForest. “PPE requirements for agriculture are not being loosened.” The UCCE advisor recommends purchasing only what you need for the season and choosing reusable PPE whenever possible. Growers who have excess supplies of PPE can coordinate with their county agricultural commissioner or UCCE advisor to help other producers in their area.
“Disposable gloves less than 14 mil can be worn, but not for more than 15 minutes at a time,”Blecker said. “Farmers should also note that thinner gloves cannot be layered on top of one another.”
For more information about PPE, contact your county agricultural commissioner or see the California Department of Pesticide Regulation's posters at https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/whs/pdf/gloves_for_pesticide_handling.pdf and
https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/whs/pdf/n95_alternatives_for_pesticide_handling.pdf.
UC IPM also covers these topics in their pesticide safety webinar series at http://ipm.ucanr.edu/IPMPROJECT/workshops.html.
- Author: Tammy Majcherek
Do irrigation problems make you run for the hills? Interested in learning simple fixes before they turn into a major issue?
Join the UCCE Master Gardeners this coming Saturday, April 1st, for a workshop on ‘Irrigation Basics'.
This class will teach you about irrigation valves, irrigation clocks, sprayheads, and general maintenance.
Participants will leave with a better knowledge about the delivery, conservation, and best water practices of landscape irrigation .
Workshop includes lecture and a hands on lab putting a mock system together from start to finish.
Time: 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM
Location: South Coast Research & Extension Center, 7601 Irvine Blvd. Irvine, 92618
Cost $20.00
Click here to register and pay online by March 31, 2017 or go to http://ucanr.edu/survey/survey.cfm?surveynumber=20443
Each class is limited to the first 24 registrants.
Cancellation Policy: No refunds one week prior to workshop.
For more information about this and other upcoming workshops click here or go to http://mgorange.ucanr.edu/projects/events/?editon=1
Questions, contact us at: mgorange@ucanr.edu