- Author: Luis Espino
The last time we saw a severe blast epidemic was 2011. Since then, we haven't had much blast; in fact, I had not see any blast at all during several years. I don't think 2019 qualifies as a severe blast year, but there is more blast than in the previous few years.
Blast is caused by a fungal pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae. This fungus can affect any plant part, and usually we refer to blast according to the tissue affected. Leaf blast, node blast, collar blast, and neck blast (when it affects the node right below the panicle) are all caused by the same pathogen.
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Typical and larger leaf blast lessions, collar and node lessions.
Neck blast
Blast can surive in crop residue, move with seed, and move between fields by producing airborne spores called conidia. In California, we typically see leaf blast starting at mid tillering. Blast infection at this time causes leaf lesions that in severe cases can burn plants to the water level. However, most of the time these severe symptoms are limited to small areas of the field. During heading, neck blast can cause empty heads when infections occur soon after the panicle emerges from the boot.
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Left, leaf blast that has burned plants to water level in circular pattern. Right, larger area of field affected with leaf blast.
Several factors favor blast development. Moderate warm daytime temperatures, cooler nights, and long periods of leaf moisture are good for blast development. High nitrogen rates tend to aggravate blast, and typically one can see blasted circles where plants have been killed to the water level in areas of aqua overlap. Draining fields during the season increases the risk of blast infection.
Of the rice varieties grown in California, M-205 and M-104 were considered more susceptible than M-206. Variety M-205 has been replaced by M-209, which was released in 2015. Since there hasn't been much blast pressure in the past few years, it was not known how M-209 was going to react to blast. This year seems to indicate that M-209 might be more susceptible to blast than M-206. I still have not heard much about M-105, the M-104 replacement released in 2011. Variety M-210, released in 2018, is resistant to the blast races present in California.
If leaf blast is very severe, a fungicide application may be appropriate. However, this level of disease is uncommon under our conditions. Leaf blast does indicate the need to protect the panicles during heading with a fungicide application at about 50% heading.
- Author: Whitney Brim-DeForest
The 2019 Rice Weed Course will take place:
Friday, September 6, 2019
from 8:00AM to 4:10PM (Registration begins at 7:30AM)
at the
Hamilton Road Field (on West Hamilton Rd. between Hwy. 99 & Riceton Hwy.)
and Rice Experiment Station, Biggs, CA
This year will mark the third rice-specific weed course at the Hamilton Road Field and the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA on Friday, Sept. 6, 2019. The day will begin with an interactive field tour of the research plots (Hamilton Road Field) where attendees can get up close to the weeds and rice (bring your boots!) The course will include a hands-on weed identification session on emerging and mature weeds. In the afternoon, speakers will address several pertinent topics in CA rice, including algae, weedy rice, regulatory update, best management for grasses, and how to construct a weed management program. This course is a great opportunity to interact directly with the UCCE and UC Davis Rice Weed Research Team!
For a full agenda and registration go to:
https://wric.ucdavis.edu/events/rice_weed_course_2019.html
For questions, please contact Whitney Brim-DeForest at 530-822-7515, or by email at wbrimdeforest@ucanr.edu
Credits for PCA, QAC, QAL, Private Applicator: 6.0 other, 0.5 laws
CA Certified Crop Adviser: 6.0 IPM
- Author: Kassim Al-Khatib
- Author: Whitney Brim-DeForest
If you grow rice in California, you already know that effective weed management is not only essential for economical rice production, but also very challenging, complex, and regulated. The good news is that there is a new resource to help growers and pest control advisors with the prevention, monitoring, and control of the most common rice weeds in California. The University of California Integrated Pest Management (UC IPM) Pest Management Guidelines: Rice now includes a brand new weed management section!
The guidelines are authored and reviewed by University of California's advisors, specialists, and faculty to bring the latest university research on rice pest management into one easy-to-find place. The new Integrated Weed
Management section shows how to effectively use early-season cultural controls like water management, land leveling, tillage, and crop rotation to reduce weed pressure on the young rice stand. This webpage also includes useful information on detecting and preventing herbicide resistance. Furthermore, the entire Pest Management Guidelines: Rice is now presented in a new mobile-friendly format, allowing easy access on the go. Use this information along with the table on Susceptibility of Weeds to Herbicide Control to help tailor the herbicide mixes and timing of applications to best match the problems in each individual field.
For more pest management information for other California crops, visit the UC IPM homepage.
- Author: Whitney Brim-DeForest
Weedy Rice Workshop
10:00 – 12:00 followed by lunch
August 1st, 2019
Colusa Casino Chairman's Room
Agenda
- 9:30 Doors Open, Sign In
- 10:00 – 12:00 Presentations
- Introduction and Update on Weedy Rice Distribution
- Regulatory Update
- Rice Seed Quality Assurance Program Update
- Weedy Rice Biology, Ecology, Genetics, and Identification
- Effect of Weedy Rice on Plant Growth and Yield
- 12:00 Lunch
There is no registration cost, but registration is required.
Register online at the UC Rice On-line website (rice.ucanr.edu)
Note: Enrollment is limited to 50 participants, so please enroll early. Seats will be filled on a first-come basis.
- Author: Bruce Linquist
- Author: Luis Espino
N management in wet year: revised based on cool weather.
Earlier this week I sent out a blog discussing N management during a wet year. In the blog, one scenario (Scenario 2) mentioned was “I decided not to apply aqua but just go ahead and flood field when the rains started”. I was traveling around the valley yesterday looking at fields and I saw that rice that had been planted was not coming up – or was coming up very slowly. These rains have been accompanied by very cool weather (almost 10 degrees cooler than normal for this time of year) and the 10 day forecast shows continuing cooler than normal weather. This means plant growth and N uptake is going to be slower than normal. I suggested in my earlier blog post to apply your N around two weeks after planting. Given the cool weather and slow plant growth, I do not think this is the best strategy. You will have too much N sitting on the soil surface for a long period of time as the plants and this N will be highly susceptible to N losses. Given the weather we have had, I think a better strategy is to apply a starter blend containing about 30 lb N/ac 10 to 14 days after planting. Then at four weeks apply the remainder of the N balance as urea. This balance of urea should be applied in two to three applications about applied seven to ten days apart. Fields should not have water flowing through them when urea is applied and the crop still needs to be accessed using the Leaf Color Chart or GreenSeeker at PI to see if additional N is necessary. I say four weeks after planting to apply the urea; however this urea needs to be applied before the plants start to tiller. If weather warms up sufficiently and plant growth speeds up, this urea may need to be applied a bit earlier.
Arthropod and disease management
Just like rice, arthropod development is slowed down when weather is cool. Rice water weevil likes to fly during warm nights. Tadpole shrimp develop fast during warm weather. The cool weather we are experiencing might result in very little rice water weevil flight to recently flooded rice fields. If rice has been seeded and is germinating slowly, keep an eye for tadpole shrimp. Products for control might also take longer to kill them.
The slow germination of seeds can favor the development of seedling disease and seed rot. A higher seeding rate can help compensate for seed rot problems. Check the seeds, and look for fungal growth on the surface of the seed. Sometimes algae grow on this growth, giving it a greenish look. If seed rot becomes a problem, draining the field should help. More information here: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r682100111.html
