Publications

PUBLICACIONES Selected publications en Español

Radio PSAs 2012 - 10, 15 and 30 second PSAs highlighting results from our recent field ecological and economic research studies

Nontoxic Antifouling Strategies

IPM for Boats: Integrated Pest Management for Hull Fouling in Southern California Coastal Marinas (2012)  This 28-page illustrated technical report introduces Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for fouling control on recreational boats. IPM has been applied successfully for pest control in agriculture and buildings. It seeks to reduce the need for toxic chemicals by using a combination of tactics, such as mechanical, physical, cultural and chemical in a strategy that is tailored to the individual boat or marina and updated over time. The report also presents results of our research on the influence of hull coating types and age and of hull cleaning practices on fouling growth. Finally, it profiles 7 aggressive, copper-tolerant, hull-fouling “species of concern” that include invasive and other species found in our research. Although our report and supporting research are aimed at fouling control for recreational boats in south-central and southern California, the principles of IPM for Boats can be adapted for use in other areas.

• IPM for Boats 13.4 Mb (higher resolution photos - faster Internet connections)

• IPM for Boats 4.8 Mb (lower resolution photos - slower Internet connections)

• The Influence of Boat Hull Coatings on Fouling Growth (2012) This fact sheet discusses the field research we conducted in Santa Barbara Harbor and Shelter Island Yacht Basin of San Diego Bay. The aim of the research was to discover the influence of hull coating type and hull coating age on fouling growth. 4 p.
  

• Crossing Boundaries: Managing Invasive Species and Water Quality Risks for Coastal Boat Hulls in California and Baja California (2012) This 16-page technical report presents the findings of our 2008 survey research of the boating industry on California's coast and 3 major boating areas of the Baja California peninsula. It presents data and analyses of industy capacity and costs to provide fouling control supplies and services that assist boat owners in managing risks of invasive species and impaired water quality. The report also summarizes data on boat travel patterns, analyzes how boater environmental awareness affects choice of hull coatings, and the potential for education to assist in managing water quality and invasive species risks along this 3,000 mile (5,000 kilometer) coast.
  

• Hull Fouling Copper Tolerance Fact Sheet (2011) Fact sheet summarizing recent scientific studies on the ability of hull fouling to tolerate copper antifouling paints on boat hulls and copper pollution in harbor waters. Includes a table of both native and non-native species that the research suggests can tolerate copper. 4 p. Revised September 2013.

• Balancing Management of Marina Water Quality and Invasive Hull-Fouling Species: Pertinent Scientific Findings (2011) Fact sheet summarizing research on: 1) alternative hull coatings' service life, industry capacity to apply and maintain them, and which boats are better candidates to use them; and 2) copper tolerance of hull-fouling species. 2 pp.

• To Clean or Not to Clean: Managing Fouling on Boat Hulls (2011) Fact sheet summarizing experiment to determine effects of in-water hull cleaning with California BMPs on next generation of invasive species and other fouling growth at recreational boat docks in San Diego Bay and Santa Barbara Harbor. 2 pp.

• Nontoxic Hull Coating Field Demonstration: Long Term Performance Fact Sheet (2007)Update of the 2003-2006 performances of the nontoxic coatings in our demonstration project .

• Copper-Tolerant Hull-Borne Invasive Species: Further Analysis Fact Sheet (2008)Recent research on copper tolerant invasive species and their effects on native ecosystems.

• Nontoxic Hull Coating Field Demonstration: Long Term Performance Fact Sheet (2006)Summary update from 2003-2006 of the performance of the nontoxic coatings in our demonstration project.

• Staying Afloat with Nontoxic Antifouling Strategies for Boats (2004) Results and conclusions of the nontoxic bottom coatings field demonstration from 2002 to 2003.

• Nontoxic Antifouling Strategies Economic Incentives Study Fact Sheet (2004) This 2-pager reports on cost incentives for recreational boaters to switch to nontoxic antifouling strategies.

• Nontoxic Antifouling Strategies Demonstration Project Fact Sheet (2004) We placed 3 nontoxic hull coatings on a sailboat and a powerboat. For over a year, in-water hull cleaners cleaned the coatings and reported to us on coating condition, fouling growth, diver effort levels and cleaning tool types. Reports were quantified using a 5-point scale. Technical report

• Making Dollars and Sense of Nontoxic Antifouling Strategies for Boats (2003) This booklet is based on a study mandated by Senate Bill 315 on the economics of switching to nontoxic boat bottom coatings in San Diego Bay. It is a user-friendly report on how cost incentives for recreational boaters to switch to nontoxic antifouling strategies were determined by analyzing data from boat owners, boat repair yards, in-water hull cleaners and hull-coating companies. Technical report

• What You Need to Know About Nontoxic Antifouling Strategies for Boats (2002) Summary of technical information on currently available nontoxic antifouling strategies for recreational boats, copper antifouling paint policies in the U.S. and Europe and toxic effects of copper on marine life. Technical report

• Transitioning to Non-Metal Antifouling Paints On Marine Recreational Boats in San Diego Bay (2002)Incentives necessary for ensuring that nontoxic alternatives to metal-based antifouling hull coatings are used for recreational vessels. It is a 150-page, data-heavy, study report on academic research that was submitted to California Department of Boating and Waterways.

• A Change is in the Wind for Antifouling Strategies and It’s Blowing Your Way! (2000, 2010) This article introduces antifouling pollution issues in San Diego Bay and our research and education projects to address them. 

Aquatic Invasive Species

Quagga and Zebra Mussel Eradication and Control Tactics Technical Report (Updated June 2013)

Higher resolution photos version

Lower resolution photos version

This practical and well-researched 36-page report explains how to use an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach and specific tactics for eradicating and/or controlling invasive dreissenid (quagga and zebra) mussels in lakes and reservoirs. It covers how to develop and get started on a management strategy, manual & mechanical removal, oxygen deprivation, chemical application, emerging technologies, and an overview of permitting and regulatory processes. The report includes photos and diagrams, successful examples of eradication and control efforts that have used each of the tactics, and extensive weblinks to resources for more information. It is based in part on presentations by experts at a joint workshop presented by California Sea Grant Extension and University of California Cooperative Extension in San Diego on February 1-2, 2012.

Speakers’ abstracts, other information from the workshop presentations and field trips, and individual information sheets on the topics noted above are available from:  

http://ca-sgep.ucsd.edu/quaggazebra_mussel_control

IPM for Boats: Integrated Pest Management for Hull Fouling in Southern California Coastal Marinas (2012)  This 28-page illustrated technical report introduces Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for fouling control on recreational boats. IPM has been applied successfully for pest control in agriculture and buildings. It seeks to reduce the need for toxic chemicals by using a combination of tactics, such as mechanical, physical, cultural and chemical in a strategy that is tailored to the individual boat or marina and updated over time. The report also presents results of our research on the influence of hull coating types and age and of hull cleaning practices on fouling growth. Finally, it profiles 7 aggressive, copper-tolerant, hull-fouling “species of concern” that include invasive and other species found in our research. Although our report and supporting research are aimed at fouling control for recreational boats in south-central and southern California, the principles of IPM for Boats can be adapted for use in other areas.

• IPM for Boats 13.4 Mb (higher resolution photos - faster Internet connections)

• IPM for Boats 4.8 Mb (lower resolution photos - slower Internet connections)

• The Influence of Boat Hull Coatings on Fouling Growth (2012) This fact sheet discusses the field research we conducted in Santa Barbara Harbor and Shelter Island Yacht Basin of San Diego Bay. The aim of the research was to discover the influence of hull coating type and hull coating age on fouling growth. 4 p.

• Hull Fouling Species of Concern in Southern California Coastal Marinas (2012)  This fact sheet introduces the reader to hull fouling species of concern found in California's Coastal marinas. The species described were common to abundant, showed invasive characteristics in our field studies and create problems for boat owners.  Photographs, descriptions, scientific names and ecological information are provided for eight Species of Concern! 4 p.

• NEW! Crossing Boundaries: Managing Invasive Species and Water Quality Risks for Coastal Boat Hulls in California and Baja California (2012) This 16-page technical report presents the findings of our 2008 survey research of the boating industry on California's coast and 3 major boating areas of the Baja California peninsula. It presents data and analyses of industy capacity and costs to provide fouling control supplies and services that assist boat owners in managing risks of invasive species and impaired water quality. The report also summarizes data on boat travel patterns, analyzes how boater environmental awareness affects choice of hull coatings, and the potential for education to assist in managing water quality and invasive species risks along this 3,000 mile (5,000 kilometer) coast.

• Hull Fouling Copper Tolerance Fact Sheet (2011) Fact sheet summarizing recent scientific studies on the ability of hull fouling to tolerate copper antifouling paints on boat hulls and copper pollution in harbor waters. Includes a table of both native and non-native species that the research suggests can tolerate copper. 4 p.

• To Clean or Not to Clean: Managing Fouling on Boat Hulls (2011) Fact sheet summarizing experiment to determine effects of in-water hull cleaning with California BMPs on next generation of invasive species and other fouling growth at recreational boat docks in San Diego Bay and Santa Barbara Harbor. 2 pp.

• Supply-Side Capacity to Manage Invasive Fouling Species and Water Quality
  on the Coasts and Delta of California and Baja California (2011) Fact sheet summarizing conclusions from a survey of nearly 200 boating industries on the coasts of California and Baja California and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Industry groups included marinas, harbors, yacht clubs, boat repair yards, and hull cleaning, slip liner and boat lift companies. 2 p.

• Supplies, Services and Costs to Control Invasive and Other Fouling Species
  for Boats on California’s Coast, its Delta and Baja California (2011) Fact sheet summarizing average costs from a survey of nearly 200 boating industries on the coasts of California and Baja California and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Industry groups included marinas, harbors, yacht clubs, boat repair yards, and hull cleaning, slip liner and boat lift companies. 2 p.

• Rock the Boat! Balancing Invasive Species, Antifouling and Water Quality for Boats Kept in Saltwater (2007)Assist boat owners; boat maintenance, repair and coating businesses; port, harbor, marina and yacht club managers; scientists; policy makers; government agencies; and environmental organizations cooperate to prevent and control invasive species introductions from boat hulls, while protecting coastal water quality. 26-page technical report

• White Paper: Managing Hull-Borne Invasive Species and Coastal Water Quality for California and Baja California Boats Kept in Saltwater (2006) Invasive species on hulls of pleasure craft and fishing boats and the related topics of fouling control and coastal water quality. Confidentially peer-reviewed, 150-page in-depth review of scientific literature and findings of the 2005 California workshop, Managing Hull Transport of Aquatic Invasive Species.

• White Paper Fact Sheet: Managing Hull-Borne Invasive Species on California's Coastal Boats (2006) Excerpt of the literature review noted above.

• Environmental Policy Conflicts on the Horizon: Vessel Antifouling Paints, Coastal Water Quality, and Invasive Species (2006) History on the issues of coastal water quality and vessel antifouling paints and invasive species policies for vessel hulls.

• Copper-Tolerant Hull-Borne Invasive Species: Further Analysis Fact Sheet (2008)Recent research on copper tolerant invasive species and their effects on native ecosystems.

• Bilingual Fact Sheet: Stop Aquatic Invaders on Our Coast!/ ¡Detenga el Transporte de Especies Invasoras Acuáticas en Nuestras Costas!
• Recommendations to boaters on how to reduce the hull transport of invasive species, photos and impacts of invasive species, and information on where to report them.

• Workshop Proceedings: Managing Hull Transport of Aquatic Invasive Species (2005) Workshop to educate participants, learn from them and ask for recommendations. This coordinated approach was chosen because hull transport of AIS is a complicated issue affecting commercial and recreational vessels.

General Pollution Prevention

• Clean Boating Tips (2007) Pollution prevention guide for boaters, marina, yacht club and harbor managers, and marina and boat maintenance workers.

• Clean Boating Guide (2007) Recommendations to boaters on pollution prevention practices

• Selecting Underwater and Topside Maintenance Services for Your Boat (2007, 2010) Recommendations on selecting service providers that will protect your boat and the marine environment.

• Potti-Training for Boater Program (1999, 2010) Light and humorous way to remind boaters what an effect their pollution has on the waters where they motor, sail and, yes, also fall overboard!

• Environmental Impacts of Pleasure Craft Oil Spills (1998) Focuses on what the environmental impacts of pleasure craft oil spills in Southern California are, and which pleasure craft operations should spill prevention programs be focused.

• Make Every Day a Clean Boating Day poster (1995) The 25 most important tips for preventing boating pollution. Poster is only available by mail. Click on the link to fill out a request form.

• Underwater Hull Cleaners Best Management Practices (1995, 2010)

• Boating Pollution Economics and Impacts (1995, 2010) 4-page fact sheet summarizes economic and environmental impacts of various pollutants that may be released by recreational boats.

• Marina Pollution Prevention Manual (1995)