Fertilizing Fruit Trees and Information on Chill Hours"
Advice for the Home Gardener from the
Help Desk of the UC Master Gardeners of
Contra Costa County
Home Gardener Request: We're finally jumping into fully caring for our mini-orchard here in Mid-County. Could you please point us to a good reference book for that task... Also, we are getting acquainted with chill hours for growing and/or buying various fruit trees, especially for apple, plum and pear trees. Where can we find local info on chill hours?
CCMG Help Desk Response: Thanks for calling the UC Master Gardener Program Help Desk this morning with your questions about what and how to feed your apple, plum and pear trees and year to date chill hours for your area.
After some further thought, I'd like to suggest that you may want to complete a soil test of your orchard to see what your soil may be lacking before fertilizing your trees this spring as that will drive what and how much to feed.
I found that the UC Home Orchard: Growing Your Own Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees book supports soil testing before adding potentially unnecessary fertilizers to your soil:
Although deciduous fruit trees require many nutrients for tree growth and fruit production, those grown in backyard settings in typical sandy loam to clay loam soils with proper irrigation rarely need to be fertilized. Nutrient deficiencies, when encountered, are generally limited to nitrogen, potassium, iron, and zinc, and on rare occasions, boron. Unless your soil has a known nutrient deficiency, regular applications of fertilizer usually are not necessary in a mature orchard.
Below is a link to a list of soil testing companies for you to choose from. When you contact one of the labs, they will give you instructions on how to take the sample and prepare it for shipping. Some of the labs listed also have helpful information on how to interpret the results including the amounts of necessary additives your soil needs. Soil testing companies: https://ucanr.edu/sites/ccmg/files/51308.pdf
Below is a link to information from the UC California Backyard Orchard website. It includes information on common elements for normal growth and amounts to feed by age of the tree rather than size: http://homeorchard.ucanr.edu/The_Big_Picture/Fertilization/
The links below include helpful seasonal information for growing fruit trees:
Apples & Pears: Calendar of Operations for Home Gardeners: http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/7258.pdf
Plums: Calendar of Operations for Home Gardeners: http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/7262.pdf
And finally, here is the link I used to find current information on chill hours in Contra Costa County. I selected the El Cerrito Weather Station for a chill hour to date and historical information:
https://ucanr.edu/chillcalc/?controller=station&action=reportresults&STATION=213
You may want to consider purchasing The UC Home Orchard: Growing Your Own Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees book as it was developed especially for backyard orchardists, rare fruit growers, and small-scale growers. It is available through various online booksellers and through the UCANR Catalog: https://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/
I hope you find this information helpful. Please let us know if you have any additional questions.
Help Desk of the UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County (SLH)
Notes: Contra Costa MG's Help Desk is available almost year-round to answer your gardening questions. Except for a few holidays (e.g., last 2 weeks December), we're open every week, Monday through Thursday for walk-ins from 9:00 am to Noon at 2380 Bisso Lane, Concord, CA 94520. We can also be reached via telephone: (925) 608-6683, email: ccmg@ucanr.edu, or on the web at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/Ask_Us/. MGCC Blogs can be found at http://ccmg.edu/HortCoCo/ You can also subscribe to the Biog.
Advice for the Home Gardener from the Help Desk of the
UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County
Help Desk Response: As I said in our conversation today, your insect is not a bed bug, but rather a mite of some kind. From its appearance, I believe it is a rat mite. There are also bird mites that can invade homes and bite people, but its appearance is closer to the rat mite.
These mites need rodents to survive, but will come into homes when their preferred hosts die or decrease in number. They cannot survive for too long without their hosts, even though they feed on humans. If there is a large population of rodents (rats or mice) in your attic or crawlspace, you might see a continued presence of these mites.
Here is a link to information from Contra Costa Vector Control District: https://www.contracostamosquito.com/mites.htm and from
Alameda County Vector Control about biting mites:
http://acvcsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Mites.pdf.
I didn't ask if you had rodent problems in your home, but I would be surprised if you did not (rat infestations are very common in our area). These links below are to information about controlling rats and mice: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74106.html;
http://ipm.ucanr.edu/QT/housemousecard.html.
More information can also be found on the Vector Control districts.
I hope this information is helpful and you're able to get rid of these pesky biting creatures. Please let us know if you have more questions.
Help Desk of the UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County (SEH)
Note: UC Master Gardeners Program of Contra Costa's Help Desk is available almost year-round to answer your gardening questions. Except for a few holidays (e.g., last 2 weeks December), we're open every week, Monday through Thursday for walk-ins from 9:00 am to Noon at 2380 Bisso Lane, Concord, CA 94520. We can also be reached via telephone: (925) 608-6683, email: ccmg@ucanr.edu, or on the web at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/Ask_Us/. MGCC Blogs can be found at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/HortCoCo/ You can also subscribe to the Blog.
Advice for the Home Gardener from the Help Desk of the
UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County
MGCC's Help Desk Response: Thank you for contacting the UC Master Gardener Program's Help Desk about the grubs in your planters. Grubs are primarily pests of lawn grass, preferring turf grass roots to other plants. While they will feed on other plants' roots, they typically are not a big problem in planters.
It's not unusual to find grubs in your soil in the winter. The larvae overwinter in the soil, and emerge in late spring and summer. Your picking them out of the soil and leaving them on top for the birds was exactly the right thing to do. You don't need to discard the soil. Most gardens can tolerate some grubs in the soil, unless the population becomes very high.
For more information about grubs in a vegetable garden MGCC Help Desk covered previously, follow this link: https://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=25191. Included in that link is another link to using beneficial nematodes to control grubs if you find you continue to have problems.
Happy gardening! Please contact us again if you have more questions.
Help Desk of the UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County (SEH)
Note: UC Master Gardeners Program of Contra Costa's Help Desk is available almost year-round to answer your gardening questions. Except for a few holidays (e.g., last 2 weeks December), we're open every week, Monday through Thursday for walk-ins from 9:00 am to Noon at 2380 Bisso Lane, Concord, CA 94520. We can also be reached via telephone: (925) 608-6683, email: ccmg@ucanr.edu, or on the web at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/Ask_Us/. MGCC Blogs can be found at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/HortCoCo/ You can also subscribe to the Blog.
Advice for the Home Gardener from the Help Desk of the
UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County
Client's Request (visiting at the MG/Ag Office at 2380 Bisso Ln, Concord): I found these insects (see below) inside my house in my closet. A friend of mine thought they might be “kissing bugs”. Would you please identify them, what their presence and problems they might cause, and recommend what I should do about them?
The common name of the insects you brought in is the leafhopper assassin bug. Scientific name is Zelus renardi. The leafhopper assassin bug is considered a beneficial insect in that it feeds on other insects, including pests such as caterpillars of the cabageworm butterfly, leafhoppers, and aphids. Here is a link to some University of California information about the insect: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/NE/assassin_bugs.html
When you were in our offices, you said you hoped that the insects were not “kissing bugs”. You might be interested to learn that assassin bugs and kissing bugs are closely related in that they belong to the same insect family—the Reduviidae family. Apparently, assassin bugs are often confused with kissing bugs. The feeding habits of the two insect lines are quite different--kissing bugs feed on the blood of mammals (including humans). Here is a link to UC's information on the kissing bug side of the family: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7455.html
You might be interested in reading this blog article which talks about the differences between assassin bugs like the ones you found and the kissing bugs: https://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=24611
It's hard to know how one of the assassin bugs found its way into your closet. I wonder if perhaps it flew in through a window or door and somehow made its way to your closet. In doing my research I found this story on the website for the Marin/Sonoma Mosquito/Vector Control District: https://www.msmosquito.com/the-bug-blog/2012/03/leafhopper-assassin-bug. It describes an encounter a citizen had with an assassin bug that had somehow found its way into the citizen's bed. As described in the link, the assassin bug can inflict a painful bite if they encounter a threat, but they don't seek to bite humans or other mammals.
Since I have determined that your insects are “beneficial” predators, I'll take them home and release them in my vegetable garden area. Since assassin bugs are not typically pests, you probably don't need to take any action. If you should find others in your house, you might want to be careful about leaving doors or windows open which could allow them a way into the house.
Hope this information is helpful. If you have other questions, you are welcome to contact our Help Desk. We're open Monday through Thursday from 9 a.m. to noon and are also here to support the Ag Dept on Thursday afternoons. You are welcome to stop by or you can phone us or email us to save yourself a drive.
Help Desk of the UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County (TKL)
Note: UC Master Gardeners Program of Contra Costa's Help Desk is available almost year-round to answer your gardening questions. Except for a few holidays (e.g., last 2 weeks December), we're open every week, Monday through Thursday for walk-ins from 9:00 am to Noon at 2380 Bisso Lane, Concord, CA 94520. We can also be reached via telephone: (925) 608-6683, email: ccmg@ucanr.edu, or on the web at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/Ask_Us/. MGCC Blogs can be found at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/HortCoCo/ You can also subscribe to the Blog (//ucanr.edu/blogs/CCMGBlog/)
Advice for the Home Gardener from the Help Desk of the
UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County
Client's Request: My sister brought me some heads of hardneck garlic from her harvest in Idaho. I would like to know when is the best time to plant this garlic for this area. I have a fairly large garden area in my back yard in which I currently have tomatoes, eggplant, tomatillos, chiles, and a few weeds all of which are nearly at an end (except the weeds, sigh). I also have some space which I left fallow this summer. It all gets full sun. I appreciate any information you can offer. Thank you,
MGCC Help Desk Response: Thank you for contacting the UC Master Gardener program with your questions about growing garlic. From your description, it sounds as if you have a good space for growing garlic, as it needs good soil and full sun. October is the ideal time for planting garlic in our area with a harvest expected next June so they should be planted where you won't need the space for your spring planting.
If you would still like to grow garlic, you could use the heads from Idaho in your kitchen and purchase some more for growing in your garden. You can probably still find seed garlic at some local nurseries or online. Suppliers that are out of state but ship to California will have passed inspection, and there are several in-state suppliers.
Here are some UC links with more information on growing garlic in a home garden:
https://vric.ucdavis.edu/pdf/garlic.pdf and http://sonomamg.ucanr.edu/Vegetable_of_the_Month/Garlic/
We are not able to recommend any particular business, but some local nurseries may have them still in stock. Also, a Google search 'Suppliers of seed garlic California' brings up a number of Northern California suppliers and some of these websites have great information on growing needs and the different varieties.
I hope this helps, and if you have any further questions please do contact us again.
Help Desk of the UC Master Gardener Program of Contra Costa County (SMW)
Note: UC Master Gardeners Program of Contra Costa's Help Desk is available almost year-round to answer your gardening questions. Except for a few holidays (e.g., last 2 weeks December), we're open every week, Monday through Thursday for walk-ins from 9:00 am to Noon at 2380 Bisso Lane, Concord, CA 94520. We can also be reached via telephone: (925) 608-6683, email: ccmg@ucanr.edu, or on the web at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/Ask_Us/. MGCC Blogs can be found at http://ccmg.ucanr.edu/HortCoCo/ You can also subscribe to the Blog (//ucanr.edu/blogs/CCMGBlog/)
