- Author: Ben Faber
Drought may not be the right time to be thinking about this, or maybe it is. It concerns managing water and any time a grower uses water more effectively the crop performs better. But fog can be a significant factor in water management.
As fog passes through a tree canopy, it is absorbed by leaves and coats them. Before the tree will transpire water, the water coating must first be evaporated before the tree loses internal water. This water use is not accounted for in a water budget schedule using evapotranspiration based inputs, such as from CIMIS. For deciduous trees, this is often not of concern, because in the winter they don't have leaves and therefore are not transpiring anyway. For evergreen subtropicals like citrus and avocado, this could be an important source of water.
In many situations in the Central Valley and along the coast there can be periods where fog can represent a significant proportion of the water requirement for an orchard. These periods would be for winter tule fog in the Valley and along the coast in the spring and early summer. A recent publication by Rick Snyder at UC Davis has just been released that shows how this fog water can be incorporated into an irrigation schedule. You can see it at the UC's California Institute for Water Resources website: http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8532.pdf, http://ciwr.ucanr.edu/california_drought_expertise/droughttips/
- Author: Mary Lu Arpaia
- Author: Ben Faber
Of the many known varieties, they fall into three broad categories based on whether they are of the Mexican, Guatemalan or West Indian races of Persea americana, the avocado specie and the crosses that occur between these races. For example, ‘Hass' has the thick skin of the Guatemalan but turns black like a Mexican. Generally speaking, California varieties have been the result of crossing between the Mexican and Guatemalan races. West Indian race varieties are not common here because of their generally lower cold tolerance. There are lots of factors approaching the identification of an avocado and its origins, and here is a brief run down on those that need to be considered.
Grafted?
Is it a grafted tree, or is it a known variety with known characteristics which the tree can be compared to? Look for the change in bark texture at the base of the tree where the graft was made.
Leaf characteristics
When you crush the leaf, does it have an anise smell (Mexican) or not?
Is the leaf edger smooth (Hass) or wavy (Zutano)?
Is the color of the new leaves red and turn green (Mexican) or are green (Guatemalan)?
Canopy shape
Is it columnar (Bacon, Reed) or umbrella (Hass)?
Is the mature tree big (Hass) or under 20 feet in height (Holiday, Littlecado, Gwen)?
Fruit
Is the fruit round (Nabal), pear shaped (Fuerte), thin necked (Pinkerton) or broad shouldered (Lamb-Hass)
Is it thick skinned (Guatemalan) or thin skinned (Mexican)?
Is it green when ripe (Guatemalan) or black (Mexican)?
Is it big (more than 16 ounces; Daily 11 is 5 pounds) or small (Mexicola is 5 ounces)?
When is fruit maturity; winter, spring, summer or fall?
The combination of all these factors go into describing a variety and distinguishes it from other varieties. When varieties have mixed parentage, they will take on those characteristics of each parent, so often the lines of either Mexican or Guatemalan get blurred.
- Author: Ben Faber
Meet the Buyer: An L.A. Produce Market Tour for Los Angeles Growers and Food Advocates
Do you want to find new channels for selling your produce and make connections with produce buyers? Join us on a one day tour of produce distributors in the L.A. area where you will meet with senior buyers and leaders at these distribution companies committed to building their local base of suppliers:
Santa Monica Farmers' Market - our early start will allow for a special behind-the-scenes market tour to learn about the vibrant business-to-business transactions occuring there every week.
Space Exploration Technologies - meet the culinary team feeding the folks at the frontier of space exploration seasonally-inspired menus, much of it sourced from farms nearby.
Whole Food Distribution Center - talk with buyers committed to small, local and organic producers at the new state-of-the-art distribution facility and enjoy a yummy lunch.
Heath & Lejeune - learn the art of distributing orgranic produce from a seasoned buyer / seller.
These high-level buyers are positioned to appreciate your farm and products—whether organic, local, family-owned, sustainably grown, or high quality specialty crops. You'll gain an understanding of what it takes to work with them, have a chance to network with other farmers, and learn tips on how to tell a compelling story about your farm and its products that will expand your sales opportunities. This tour will be valuable for ANY farmer who wants to learn more about different distribution channels for their products, as well as for healthy food advocates and policy makers who want to have a better understanding of what small farms need to do in order to connect with willing buyers.
Space is limited; advance registration is required. Please reserve your space by December 4th, 2015. Lunch and snacks will be provided. There is no charge for this tour thanks to our generous sponsors.
Sign up at:
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/meet-the-buyer-an-la-produce-market-tour-for-los-angeles-growers-and-food-advocates-tickets-19216471985
- Author: Ben Faber
Years of drought, and a stressed tree are a perfect set up for navel oranges and fruit splitting.
The days have turned cooler and suddenly out of nowhere there is rain. That wonderful stuff comes down and all seems right with the world, but then you notice the navel fruit are splitting. Rats! No, a dehydrated fruit that has taken on more water than its skin can take in and the fruit splits. This is called an abiotic disease. Not really a disease but a problem brought on by environmental conditions.
Fruit splitting is a long-standing problem in most areas where navel oranges are grown. In some years, the number of split fruit is high; in other years it is low. Splitting in navel oranges usually occurs on green fruit between September and November. In some years, splitting may also occur in Valencia oranges but it is less of a problem than in navel oranges.
Several factors contribute to fruit splitting. Studies indicate that changes in weather including temperature, relative humidity and wind may have more effect on fruit splitting than anything else. The amount of water in a citrus tree changes due to weather conditions and this causes the fruit to shrink and swell as water is lost or gained. If the water content changes too much or too rapidly the rind may split. In navel oranges the split usually occurs near the navel, which is a weak point in the rind.
Proper irrigation and other cultural practices can help reduce fruit splitting. Maintaining adequate but not excessive soil moisture is very important. A large area of soil around a tree should be watered since roots normally grow somewhat beyond the edge of the canopy. Wet the soil to a depth of at least 2 feet then allow it to become somewhat dry in the top few inches before irrigating again. Applying a layer of coarse organic mulch under a tree beginning at least a foot from the trunk can help conserve soil moisture and encourage feeder roots to grow closer to the surface.
If trees are fertilized, apply the correct amount of plant food and water thoroughly after it is applied. If the soil is dry, first irrigate, then apply fertilizer and irrigate again.