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Dense populations of winged adults (about 1.5 mm in length or the thickness of a penny) and nymphal stages of ash whitefly cover foliage, producing large amounts of honeydew (the clear droplet in cover photo). The whiteflies feed on ash and other ornamental trees and a wide range of fruit trees. Large infestations have been troublesome since first reported in southern California in 1988, and ash whitefly has spread both north and south since. (Cover photo by Jack Kelly Clark)

Size of trees, acreage cut, and distance from the power plant using the chips have a big effect on costs.

Fruit damage was greatest on the last sampling date and was concentrated in the tops of trees in orchard edge rows.

Samples from the tops and bottoms of bins of 11 dehydrators showed that many tended to overdry walnuts.

Many cultivars would do well in much of California, with a potential production of up to 575 gallons of ethanol per acre.

ESI-50,a phosphonate, was as effective as acid in controlling chemical precipitate clogging in two field tests.

Treatment soon after winter regrowth began, rather than later, produced higher yields in Mojave Desert alfalfa.

The parasitic wasp Trichogramma provides important natural control of the to- mato fruitworm in the valley.

A February 1989 survey of California farm employers suggests they are not yet adjusting to the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Instead of revising their personnel policies to retain newly legalized farm workers, farmers expect to hire more workers through labor contractors if the seasonal work force shrinks.

Differing management practices in central and southern California affect breeding sites, but sanitation is a key.

Dairy wastewater pond design and management affect numbers of blood-feeding gnats that spread bluetongue virus.