Rootstocks
Rootstock Details by Vigor : Dwarfing
Citation
Other Names
4-G-816
Species
Prunus salicina x Prunus persica
Origin
USA, Zaiger Genetics, patented in 1983
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Unknown
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Poor
Compatibility with Plum
Good
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Advanced
Flower Timing
Advanced
Flower Density
Heavy
Cold Hardiness
Unknown
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Unknown
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Partly resistant
Armillaria
Susceptible
Crown Gall
Susceptible
Disease Explanations
Very susceptible to Crown Gall
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Hardwood cuttings
Summary Comments
This rootstock has performed very well with plums and apricots. With peaches, its performance has been variable. Many trees look great, but others have died or shown other signs of incompatability. About half the trees died in the 1984 NC-140 trial.
References
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Controller 5
Other Names
K146-43
Species
Prunus salicina x Prunus persica
Origin
USDA, cross by David Ramming, patented in 2004
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Poor
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Unknown
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
In a NC-140 rootstock trial in a calcareous soil in Utah, this rootstock has not survived well, but the surviving trees do not show iron chlorosis.
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Advanced
Flower Timing
Normal
Flower Density
Heavy
Cold Hardiness
No
Rootknot Nematode
Susceptible
Lesion Nematode
Susceptible
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
A dwarfing rootstock out of the California breeding program that survives well and is compatible with peach and nectarine with no root suckering. It can have smaller fruit size due to high crop loads (heavy flowering) and restricted water conductance (even under well irrigated conditions). It has performed poorly in root-knot, lesion and ring nematode tests (Nematode Table) and a bacterial canker field site (Bacterial Canker Report 2006).
References
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GF 655/2
Other Names
St. Julien 655/2
Species
Prunus insititia
Origin
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Lots
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Poor
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Unknown
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
Unknown
Rootknot Nematode
Unknown
Lesion Nematode
Unknown
Ring Nematode
Unknown
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Unknown
Phytophthora
Partly resistant
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Resistant or tolerant
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Propagated by layering, hardwood cuttings and micropropagation
Summary Comments
Performed OK in the 1984 NC-140 trial but fruit size was always small and there was lots of suckering (but not nearly as much as Damas 1869).
References
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Jaspi
Other Names
Fereley
Species
Prunus salicina x Prunus spinosa
Origin
France
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Poor
Compatibility with Plum
Good
Suckering
Lots
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Compatibility with peach is limited - it is more suitable for apricot and plum
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Unknown
Precocity
Unknown
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
Unknown
Rootknot Nematode
Unknown
Lesion Nematode
Unknown
Ring Nematode
Unknown
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Had excessive suckering in 2001 NC-140 trial, but otherwise performed OK. However, it is reported to be incompatible with many peach varieties.
References
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Julior
Other Names
Ferdor
Species
Prunus insititia x Prunus domestica
Origin
France
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Makes a tree about 50% of Nemaguard
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Poor
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Good
Suckering
Lots
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Delayed Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
No
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Susceptible
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
In California trials (Nematode Table) it shows resistance to root-knot nematodes, but supports very large populations of both lesion and ring nematodes.
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Hardwood cuttings and micropropagation
Summary Comments
In the 2001 NC-140 rootstock trial, this rootstock performed reasonably well with good production and fruit size and 100% survival. Its main drawback is excessive suckering.
References
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K146-44
Other Names
Species
Prunus salicina x Prunus persica
Origin
Cross by David Ramming, USDA
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Compatibility with Plum
Suckering
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Lesion Nematode
Ring Nematode
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Sister rootstock to Controller 5 (K146-43) that appeared almost identical to it in Kearney trials and the 2001 NC-140 trial. Therefore, it was not pursued as a new rootstock and is not available for commercial plantings.
References
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Krymsk 1
Other Names
VVA 1
Species
Prunus tomentosa x Prunus cerasifera
Origin
Russia
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Generally about 50% Nemaguard
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Poor
Compatibility with Plum
Good
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
In the NC-140 trials Redhaven has been used as the scion variety. Compatability has always been good in these trials. However, many other California varieties have been grafted on Krymsk 1 and many of these show signs of poor compatability. A report from Spain also indicated compatability problems with some varieties.
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Unknown
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
Yes
Rootknot Nematode
Susceptible
Lesion Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
California tests (Nematode Table) show susceptibility to root-knot but some resistance to lesion nematode.
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Susceptible
Disease Explanations
Did not survive well in a bacterial canker hot spot in South Carolina
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Hardwood cuttings
Summary Comments
In the NC-140 trials, with Redhaven as the scion variety, Krymsk 1 has been very impressive - healthy looking dwarf trees with little suckering, good production and large fruit size. However, many other California varieties have been grafted on this rootstock and most produce weak trees with rolled leaves and poor graft unions.
References
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Krymsk 2
Other Names
VSV 1
Species
Prunus incana x Prunus tomentosa
Origin
Russia
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Fair
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Poor
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Poor
Compatibility with Plum
Good
Suckering
Lots
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Reported to be compatible with plum. In 2002 NC140 trial was not very compatible with Redhaven peach. Had 60 root suckers per tree in this trial.
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Unknown
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
Yes
Rootknot Nematode
Susceptible
Lesion Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Ring Nematode
Unknown
Nematode Explanations
Showed susceptibility to root-knot, but resistance to lesion nematode in California tests. (Nematode Table)
Bacterial Canker
Resistant or tolerant
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Survived well at a severe bacterial canker site in South Carolina
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Performed poorly in the 2002 NC-140 trial due to excessive suckering, poor fruit size and signs of incompatibility.
References
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Prunus americana
Other Names
American plum, wild plum
Species
Prunus americana
Origin
Wild species in North America
Vigor
Dwarfing
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Compatibility with Plum
Suckering
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Lesion Nematode
Ring Nematode
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Prunus americana is a species native to North America. Some have tried it as a rootstock for peaches but have often reported low vigor and compatibility problems. The selection used in the 2009 NC-140 trial comes from Bailey Nursery in Minnesota, where it has been used successfully by fruit hobbyists. After 4 years in California, it is quite dwarfing and appears to be compatible with Redhaven peach. However, fruit size is somewhat small and the trees produce root suckers.
References
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