Japanese
Maples
By Sandy Woods, Master Gardener
Spring is finally here, and so too are fresh shipments of
flowers, shrubs, and potted trees in local nurseries. Browsing through the new springtime
selection, you may come upon several varieties of Japanese maples. 'Bloodgood', 'Sango Kaku', and 'Oshio Beni'
are just a few of the named varieties you might encounter. These trees are native to
True Japanese maples include varieties of Acer palmatum. Centuries of selection have resulted in a
many forms which range in size from small, mound-shaped shrubs to elegant small
trees. To preserve variation, named
varieties must be grafted, a labor-intensive process that explains the high
price often associated with their purchase.
Japanese maple leaves are intricately cut and beautifully colored. Spring finds most bedecked in pink, orange,
red, and light green. During summer,
many turn lime-colored or bronze, while others maintain a true red or green hue. In fall, traditional yellow, gold, and
scarlet hues are enhanced by purples and blues.
In winter, when the leaves have fallen, graceful structure and colorful
bark continue to delight the eye.
They grow well in moist, rich, well-drained soil and do best when protected
from cold winds. Most benefit from full
morning sun and appreciate some afternoon shade. A spot on the north or east side of a house
is ideal since it affords some wind protection and also blocks the afternoon
heat. Leaf scorch can occur when exposed
to hot or windy conditions. While
scorched leaves may detract from the beauty of the canopy, little harm is done
to the tree itself.
A good mulching in fall along with a light fertilizer in spring works well. Pruning may be started early in the tree's
life. Major pruning is generally done
during dormancy.
Before purchasing a particular variety, it is advisable to do a little research
to ensure it will be suitable in terms of growth, size, and location. Japanese maples are, in general, widely
adaptable and hardy. Their ever-changing
color, structure, and graceful appearance can reward for many years to come.