Posts Tagged: Specialty crops
Capacitación sobre seguridad en frutas y verduras garantiza que disfrutemos de los cultivos especializados
Pero, mientras inhalaba mi ensalada, no pude evitar pensar en el reciente brote de E. coli O157:H7 que afectó por lo menos 24 personas en EUA y a más de 40 en Canadá. Originalmente, este brote se le adjudicó a la lechuga romana, pero a principios de enero el CDC indicó en una declaración que la posible fuente del brote en Estados Unidos parecía ser verduras de hoja verde. Sin embargo, los funcionarios no han identificado un tipo específico de verdura de hoja verde o específicamente dónde se originó.
Un reporte del 2013 de los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades de EUA reveló que el 46 por ciento de todas las enfermedades causadas por intoxicación alimentaria que llevaron a la hospitalización o muerte entre 1998 y 2008 se le atribuyeron a frutas y verduras frescas. El reporte trajo a la atención de los consumidores que, aunque las frutas y verduras son claves para una diete saludable, pueden ser fatales cuando no se les maneja adecuadamente.
A pesar de estas aleccionadoras estadísticas, me siento confiado de continuar con mi consumo de frutas y verduras crudas, en parte por el conocimiento sobre cosas como el programa Specialty Crop Block Grant,el cual es administrado por CDFA para crear y llevar materiales educativos a los agricultores, con el fin de asistirles en la tarea de realizar muestreos de agua y evaluaciones del medioambiente. El subsidio es parte de un esfuerzo para ayudar a los granjeros a cumplir con los requisitos de los estándares para la seguridad en los alimentos de la Regla de Seguridad en Frutas y Verduras de la Ley para la Modernización de la Seguridad Alimentaria (Food Safety Modernization Act) conocida por sus siglas en inglés como FSMA.
El Instituto Occidental para la Protección y Seguridad Alimentarias (Western Institute for Food Safety and Security), WIFSS, por sus siglas en inglés y el personal de la División de Agricultura y Recursos Naturales de, ANR, por sus siglas en inglés, incluyendo al patólogo de plantas Bennie Osburn; la especialista de Extensión Cooperativa de UC, Alda Pires; el especialista de UCCE, Erin DiCaprio y los empleados de WIFFS, Heather Johnson y Ronald Bond, están desarrollando una guía para las granjas medianas y pequeñas productoras de cultivos especializados de California para ayudarles a cumplir con los requisitos de PSR. Los especialistas de extensión y asesores agrícolas elaborarán el material necesario para capacitación, incluyendo ejercicios de campo en línea y en persona. Para facilitar el aprendizaje y satisfacer las diversas necesidades de los productores de cultivos especializados de California, se incluirá información en diferentes idiomas como el español, hmong, mandarín e inglés. El paso final en el proceso es ofrecer el material del curso en siete talleres de difusión en esas regiones de California donde se localizan los medianos y pequeños productores.
Teniendo a UC Davis y UC ANR trabajando juntos para apoyar a los productores de cultivos especializados de California en su tarea por cumplir con las nuevas normas de FSMA PSR, podemos seguir disfrutando de las abundantes y frescas frutas y verduras producidas en los fértiles valles de California.
Protecting California’s parsley crop
California parsley is produced typically in high volumes and with high quality. However in the past few years, growers began to observe unfamiliar disease issues in their parsley fields. Leaf spots, blighted foliage and yellowed plants contributed to loss of quality and reduced yields. Steven Koike and Oleg Daugovish, UC Cooperative Extension advisors in Monterey and Ventura counties respectively, stepped in to investigate the new parsley problems. They collaborated with farmers and pest control advisers to understand the extent of the problems and to obtain samples of the diseased crops.
The UC Cooperative Extension plant pathology diagnostic lab in Salinas was successful in isolating and identifying several pathogens that were responsible for causing the disease symptoms. Working with USDA, they found that three new diseases were present in California parsley crops: bacterial leaf spot, Stemphylium leaf spot, and Apium virus Y disease.
Two of these problems are seedborne, so future management will include the use of pathogen-free seeds. The Apium virus Y pathogen is found in weeds, so growers will need to remove poison hemlock, among others.
Previous to this research, some growers were spraying symptomatic fields because they believed that a disease called late blight was responsible for the disease symptoms. Growers have now ceased making these sprays, eliminating the use of unnecessary chemicals and saving costs.
Click here for more on this research.
When weeds make good eats
The idea that weeds can be edible pops up periodically, with articles suggesting one person's weeds are another person's salad bar, highlighting chefs who “have a way with weeds,” discussing ways medieval gardeners encouraged weeds, and even suggesting ways to eat away at invasive species. But is this something we should take seriously?
“We call these plants weeds because of the way we interact with them. They're in our gardens, they're in our lawns, and they're competing with plants that we prefer to eat,” said Lynn Sosnoskie, a weed scientist at UC Davis. “But a lot of the plants that are weeds here in the United States were brought here purposefully—to be eaten.”
Sosnoskie's doctoral thesis was on just such a plant, with the tasty name of “garlic mustard.” She has also worked at length on Palmer amaranth, a pernicious weed found in cotton fields that can be glyphosate-resistant. In response to one Georgia farmer asking in exasperation if he should just eat the plant taking over his fields, she did some preliminary research into eating Palmer amaranth.
“It's probably not feasible to eat our way out of a serious weed problem,” she said. “But I certainly feel like we can investigate them as other potential food sources.”
In fact, the Horticulture Innovation Lab at UC Davis has a project that is researching three “indigenous vegetables” in Africa, two of which — amaranth and black nightshade — are considered weeds in the United States. The vegetables can be nutritious and profitable options for small-scale farmers in Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and elsewhere.
Though he holds a Ph.D. in weed science, Weller is now figuring out the best ways to cultivate amaranth and black nightshade — instead of to eliminate them. Before he started working with these plants, common assumptions held that they should be easy to grow because, well, they “grow like weeds.”
“But we found out that growing them is more intensive than we were initially led to believe — similar to growing any other vegetable,” Weller said. “They need water, they need fertilizer, and pests are a problem.”
Caveat emptor: Though weedy plants can indeed be a source of food, both scientists cautioned against thinking of weeds as a “free-for-all forage buffet.” Some plants may be toxic, and weeds in farm fields may have been sprayed recently. It is important to be knowledgeable of the plants and how they've been grown before trying to eat one.
Why growing fruits and vegetables matters
When Americans think of “agriculture,” California may not be the first state to come to mind. But the Golden State — just this one state — produced nearly half of all fruits, nuts and vegetables grown in the U.S. in 2011 (source).
In this land of abundance, UC Agriculture and Natural Resources is asking researchers and the general public to discuss, “How do we sustainably feed 8 billion people by 2025?” at the Global Food Systems Forum, April 9. National and international panelists will share insights along the local-global continuum of “California Roots, Global Reach.”
What can Californians add to this conversation that hasn’t already been said? What are we uniquely positioned to address or to share? May I suggest: fruits and vegetables.
Of course, I’m not the first one to suggest this.
According to the Global Horticulture Assessment*, published by UC Davis with input from stakeholders around the world:
“Horticultural crops play a valuable role in food systems by diversifying diets and fostering increased dietary consumption of micronutrients and other plant products known to benefit human health (fiber, antioxidants, etc.).
"Changes in production systems over the past 40 years favor an increase in cereal-based diets. The emphasis on staples has resulted in reduced dietary diversity and the displacement of traditional crops that were important sources of micronutrients such as iron, vitamin A, B-12 and zinc.”
Growing fruits and vegetables — to be eaten and sold — has the potential to improve diets while also boosting incomes.
What do you think? Why do fruits and vegetables matter? What can Californians contribute to the questions of global food security? Join the conversation now by following #Food2025 on Twitter.
*The "Global Horticulture Assessment" called for the creation of the Horticulture Collaborative Research Support Program, and serves as a guiding document for the program. With funding from USAID, Horticulture CRSP is led by UC Davis and builds international partnerships for fruit and vegetable research that improves livelihoods in developing countries.
UCCE makes Southeast Asian vegetables easy to eat
At certain roadside stands, at farmers markets that cater to diverse clientele and in small Asian supermarkets, adventurous Californians can buy vegetables like bitter melon, Chinese long beans, opo and luffa. Finding them is the first step, knowing how to prepare them is another matter. UC Cooperative Extension has made these less familiar vegetables more accessible by creating a collection of easy-to-cook and nutritious Southeast Asian vegetable recipes.
The recipes were developed by UCCE nutrition educators in Fresno and the statewide UC Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program team with Richard Molinar, a UCCE advisor in Fresno County. Connie Schneider, director of the UC Youth, Families and Communities Program, and Molinar started by researching the traditional usage of Asian vegetables. They modified some ingredients and procedures in the recipes to simplify preparation and improve the nutritional profile.
“We minimized the number of ingredients in each recipe, added clear measurements and tested the dishes,” Schneider said. “They are delicious.”
For the last 18 years, Molinar has worked with small-scale farmers in Fresno County, which boasts the largest concentration of Hmong farmers in the U.S. Fresno County is also home to farmers of other ethnicities from Laos, China and Vietnam. Molinar and his assistant, Michael Yang, have introduced Southeast Asian immigrant farmers to the latest farming technologies, helped them develop plans to ensure the safety of the food they grow, and worked with them to find new marketing opportunities. Many of these farmers have begun growing vegetables common in California, and most have also kept some space on the farm for the vegetables of their homelands.
The UCCE educators recognized that the rich culinary traditions of local Southeast Asian immigrants could be adapted and used by people of all cultures to increase their consumption of vegetables. Besides, encouraging consumption of Southeast Asian vegetables adds new marketing opportunities for the farmers.
“This has been a unique opportunity to bring UCCE’s farm advisors and nutrition educators together to assist farmers and the public,” Molinar said. “These recipes will encourage more people to buy these nutritious vegetables, expanding the market for the growers.”
The 12 recipes are printed on cards, each with photos of the fresh vegetable and background information. For example, the recipe card for “bitter melon stir fry” notes that the crinkly skinned vegetable is native to India and is eaten when young and green, as bitterness increases with age. The recipe is accompanied by a photo of the prepared dish and complete nutrition facts per serving.
"I grew up with zucchini," Molinar said, "but I prefer the flavor and texture of angled luffa."
The printed cards will be distributed at farmers markets where Southeast Asian vegetables are sold, and they are available on the Fresno County UC Cooperative Extension website. Farmers who sell Asian vegetables at farmers markets may pick up 10 packets of recipes for free at the UC Cooperative Extension in Fresno, 1720 S. Maple Ave., Fresno. Direct links to each of the recipes are below:
- Bitter Melon Stir Fry
- Chinese Long Bean and Tofu Salad
- Chinese Winter Melon Chicken Soup
- Field of Greens Salad
- Fuzzy Gourd Stuffed with Pork and Mushrooms
- Lemongrass Chicken Soup
- Luffa and Prawns
- Marinated Japanese Eggplant
- Opo and Beef
- Snow Pea Daikon Salad
- Strawberry Spring Rolls
- Spicy Shrimp and Bok Choy Noodle Bowl
Following are two sample recipes:
Bitter Melon Sir Fry
Serves 4
Ingredients:
1 ripe bitter melon, seeded and sliced
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 onion, diced
3 garlic cloves, crushed
½ lb. ground pork
½ lb. medium shrimp, peeled and deveined
1 tomato, chopped
1 tablespoon reduced sodium soy sauce
Pepper to taste
Directions:
- Place sliced bitter melon in boiling water until just tender (2-3 minutes). Drain
- Heat olive oil in skillet over medium heat. Sauté onions for about 5 minutes until tender.
- Add garlic; sauté an additional 2 minutes; mix in pork and cook until no longer pink.
- Add shrimp; cook about 5 minutes until done.
- Add tomato, bitter melon, and soy sauce; cook until tender.
Luffa and Prawns
Serves 4
Ingredients:
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
1 garlic clove, minced
1 lb large prawns, peeled and deveined
2 luffa (angled luffa or smooth luffa), chopped
¼ cup bamboo shoots
1 teaspoon coriander
1 tablespoon reduced sodium soy sauce
1 green onion, sliced
Directions:
- Heat oil in a wok/pan; add garlic and stir fry for 1 minute.
- Add prawns; cook until done
- Add luffa; continue to stir fry with prawns until just tender, about 5 minutes.
- Add bamboo shoots, coriander, and soy sauce to pan and stir fry a few minutes
- Sprinkle with green onion and serve.