- Author: Ryan D Puckett
Friday, September 13 brought growers, students and researchers to the Kearney Ag Center to obtain CEU's and learn about forage related research projects at the station as well as off the station in adjacent counties. The diligent and enthusiastic team of UC Cooperative Extension specialists presented on a wide range of topics relevant to forage crops grown in the San Joaquin Valley. In the field, Jackie Atim, abiotic stress specialist, discussed her projects in sorghum; alfalfa specialist Dan Putnam discussed the managed aquifer recharge (MAR) trials held at Kearney; and weed specialist Jorge Angeles demonstrated calibration techniques for spray equipment. Other informative presentations included information on garbanzo variety trials by Michelle Leinfelder-Miles and new data on insecticide resistance in alfalfa weevil by Ian Grettenberger. There was wide host of topics and attendees left well informed and a few CEU's richer.
- Author: Daniel K Macon
Writing my last blog post as the Livestock and Natural Resources Advisor for Placer, Nevada, Sutter, and Yuba Counties is bittersweet. When I became the advisor in 2017 (filling Roger Ingram's enormous shoes), I assumed I would stay in this job until I retired. Life had other plans for me.
As many of you know by now, I lost my wife Samia to brain cancer in August 2023. Around the same time she was beginning treatment, we learned that my mother had been diagnosed with dementia. As a result, in January of this year, I requested a transfer to the vacant Livestock and Natural Resources Advisor position in the Central Sierra UC Cooperative Extension office, closer to Tuolumne County (where most of my family still lives). I'm grateful that UC Ag and Natural Resources (UCANR) granted my request; I start this new position on October 1 (just two weeks away!). I've sold our home in Auburn and am in the process of relocating to the small town of Mountain Ranch in Calaveras County, where I'll be much closer to my parents and to my sister.
Sami and I became part of the Placer County agricultural community in 1994, when we moved to Penryn. Leaving our community – and the Auburn home we'd purchased in 2001 – is difficult. We raised our daughters in Auburn. We still have some many friends and connections in Placer County. But I'm excited about this new opportunity, too – I'll be based out of the San Andreas office, so I'll just be a couple of hours south on Highway 49!
And I will maintain my Ranching in the Sierra Foothills blog and my UCCE Foothill Sustainable Ranching Facebook page. And you can still find me on X (or Twitter) as @flyingmulefarm (or Sheepherder Scientist). I look forward to reconnecting with ranchers and rangeland managers in the communities where I was raised! Stay tuned for the next chapter!
Finally, I'm very pleased to announce that UCANR has named my replacement for Placer, Nevada, Sutter, and Yuba Counties! Andrea Warner will join UC Cooperative Extension on October 1! I hope you'll join me in welcoming Andrea!
Andrea was born and raised in Nevada County, California, where she was active in youth sports and the 4-H program. Her interest in livestock and agriculture started when she had the opportunity to rise and show market pigs for the Nevada County Fair. Once in high school, Andrea's interest in agriculture increased as she became more involved in her school's FFA chapter through speaking competitions, extracurricular courses, and continuing to raise market pigs. She knew that she wanted to pursue a career in agriculture after high school and started by enrolling at Sierra College.
During her time there, Andrea developed an excitement for animal science, and started an internship at the UC ANR Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center. There, she assisted with a variety of beef cattle research projects and calving out the UC Davis cow herd. Andrea then transferred to California State University, Chico, where she earned her B.S in Animal Science in 2018. Following her passion for livestock research, Andrea decided to continue her education at Oklahoma State University. There, her research focused on feedlot nutrition and feeding cotton byproducts to finishing cattle, and she worked on several commercial cow/calf operations while attending school. Following the completion of her M.S in 2020, Andrea accepted a position at Langston University as the Research Farm Manager at the American Institute for Goat Research. At Langston, Andrea managed a large herd of dairy and meat goats, and hair sheep which were used for nutrition, health, and management research at the facility.
For the past year and a half, Andrea has been the Staff Research Associate at the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center where she has worked on many research projects related to beef cattle production, natural resources, climate change, and rangeland management. Becoming a farm advisor was Andrea's long time career goal, and she is most excited about building relationships with local producers and community members in the industry while continuing to address challenges with a research-based approach. When she is not working, Andrea enjoys taking full advantage of the outdoor recreation our area has to offer; some of her favorite activities include hiking, riding dirt bikes, hunting, fishing, and spending the day at the lake or river with friends and family.
Andrea will be based out of the Auburn office. She can be reached at (530) 889-7385 or alnwarner@ucanr.edu.
- Author: Carolle Juliano
I've often thought how hard it must be to exist as a garden plant. There you are, stuck in the ground, unable to move, subject to the whims of the wind, rain, sun, and general environment, and worse of all, the fickle, precarious treatment of your gardener parent.
Well, I'm afraid this gardener parent may have dealt a fatal blow to one of her children through too much love. Back in July, we were setting record-breaking temperatures day after day. In fact, from July 1 to July 12, we experienced some of the hottest, driest stretches of heat known in the region. So what does an anxious plant tender do when she sees her “green children” wilt under the oppressive stress of too much heat? She adds water, of course! Lots of it. And therein lies a problem.
Trying to soothe my tomato's stress, I created a new one. Saturated soil. Although the tomato plant was clearly thirsty, excess water was not the solution. In fact, it partially caused my plant to experience edema (oedema), anabiotic disorder that occurs in plants like tomatoes, peppers, and geraniums when roots absorb water faster than the leaves can transpire it. The cells can't hold the water, expand and burst, eventually forming blisters or edema. My poor tomato's disorder became so severe that the raised,corky lesions actually became hard and necrotic with open vascular wounds.
As if that wasn't enough, the fruit that had formed on this vine exhibited a strange lumpiness with ring spots and blotches. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) caused by nasty little Western flower thrips in my garden! Apparently they're vectors forTSWV. When they nibble on the tomato leaves the virus is passed directly into the plant. The good news is that the disease isn't infectious, so nearby tomato or pepper plants won't getTSWV unless visited bythrip carriers. The bad news is the fruits are too gross to want to eat (although not disease causing if consumed) and once the plant is infected, it can't be cured.
Alas, my poor parenting skills probably did contribute to the eventual demise of this tomato vine. But a lesson was learned and future tomatoes that enter the gates of my garden will receive more seasoned consideration and care.
- Author: Sandipa Gautam
A professional development workshop on 'Predatory Mites in Agriculture' was organized at the Kearney Agricultural Research Center on September 11, 2024. This workshop was facilitated by Area Citrus IPM Advisor Sandipa Gautam. UC experts Beth Grafton-Cardwell, IPM Entomologist (UCR, Emeritus), and David Haviland (Entomology Advisor, Kern County) taught the class of 25 participants skills necessary for identifying predatory mite species commonly found in California's agricultural systems.
Highlights of the workshop were presentations by Beth Grafton-Cardwell on common species of phytoseiids found in different California-grown crops and four categories of these mites according to their food source. David Haviland covered the higher taxonomy of mites and demonstrated the use of mite collecting gear and how to collect and observe mites under the dissecting scope. After a lunch break, the class was guided through identification of three key species and then challenged to identify an unknown species. Group discussion revealed that this type of workshop activity helped students learn valuable information about predatory mites. We thank Dr. Beth Grafton-Cardwell for taking the time from retirement to teach this class and for sharing her wealth of experience. Her dedication to entomology and California growers is paramount to the success of UC Cooperative Extension over the years. Tremendous gratitude is also extended to David Haviland for his thorough presentations and to his wife for handling hospitality. Recognition is given to Ping Gu and Lauren Vuicich for their outstanding assistance in planning and coordination and to Patrick West and his team at KARE for helping with the setup. Lastly, appreciation is extended to the students for their interest and engagement in learning about predatory mites.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
But agriculturists and scientists have.
The spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is an agricultural pest that is super tiny.
It's approximately 2 to 4 millimeters in length with a wingspan of 5 to 6.5 millimeters. One millimeter is approximately 0.039 inches. There are 25.4 millimeters in 1 inch. So, the adult is about the size of a grain of sand, which can measure 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter.
SWD, native to southeast Asia and first discovered in California in 2008, lays its eggs in such soft-skinned, ripening fruits as strawberries, raspberries, cherries, blueberries, peaches, nectarines, apricot and grape.
In 2008, the first year of its discovery in California, the economic loss attributed to this pest amounted to $500 million. Latest statistics from 2015 indicate a $700 million national economic loss.
Lead author of the paper, “Transcriptome Analysis of Drosophila suzukii Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Pyrethroid and Spinosad Resistance,” is Christine Tabuloc, then a doctoral candidate and now a postdoctoral researcher working under the mentorship of Professors Chiu and Zalom.
"In this work, we leveraged high throughput sequencing to identify biomarkers of insecticide resistance in D. suzukii,” Tabuloc explained. “We found that different genes are responsible for resistance to different chemicals. Specifically, we found that genes involved in metabolism are highly expressed in flies resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. We also observed evidence of two different mechanisms of resistance in 2 lines generated from a single spinosad-resistant population. We found an increased expression of metabolic genes in one line and increased expression of cuticular genes in the other.”
Tabuloc added that “our work has enabled for the detection of resistance in California populations, and we are currently doing a nationwide screening to determine whether resistance is now present in other states. Currently, we are working with the Zalom lab to use the results of our assays to try and combat resistance. There are experiments in progress trying to increase the efficacy of insecticides by blocking some of the genes involved in resistance, such that the enzymes encoded by those genes have decreased function."
A giant in the entomological world, Zalom directed the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program for 16 years. He is an Honorary Member of the Entomological Society of America (ESA), the highest ESA honor, and he served as its president in 2014.
“This work not only represents good science; it has very practical implications," Zalom said. He and Tabuloc presented results of the work at a special berry grower seminar on insecticide resistance organized by UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR) Farm Advisor Mark Bolda, strawberry and caneberry farm advisor in Santa Cruz, Monterey and San Benito counties, Mark Bolda in Watsonville.
"The presentations were extremely well-received," Zalom noted. "The original program was targeted for about 1.5 hours, but the meeting extended to over three hours due to the extent of questions and great discussion that followed. Growers and their consultants are hungry for new information that they find interesting and potentially useful, and this work was clearly of interest to them.”
Said Bolda: “The research was top shelf and the need, of course, is very great. Some of the information that Frank and Christine presented has been put into immediate use in the industry.”
What most people don't know is that Bolda was the first to discover the pest in North America. That was in 2008.
"He asked me to come down to look at it and the problem...we weren't able to get an actual species identification until 2009!" Zalom said.
As the pest continues to spread throughout much of the country, anxious growers are worried about its increased resistance to pesticides. The UC Davis research team is alleviating that worry.