Steve Seybold

Seybold, an affiliate of the UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology, is a chemical ecologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station in Davis.

The article, written by Dinsa Sachan, begins: “If you want to keep insects off your crops, you have a couple of options: Spray the plants with pesticides or confuse the bugs with pheromones. The latter—chemicals used by insects to communicate—are more environmentally friendly, but manufacturing them involves harmful chemicals. Now, scientists have devised a method that enables them to produce pheromones from plants themselves, a safer and potentially more economical approach.”

Seybold, who was not involved in the study, was asked to comment on the research and noted: “The work is a ‘breakthrough' and ‘a wave of the future.' It will change the way that commercial pheromone outfits do business and will significantly enhance the quality and potentially lower the cost of the products that they provide."

The research, led by Christer Löfstedt, a chemical ecologist at Lund University in Sweden, dealt with the genetic modification of plants to “make components components of pheromones produced by the bird cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymella) and the orchard ermine moth (Y. padella),” wrote Sachan. “In the wild, female moths emit these sex pheromones to attract male suitors."

The research, "A Plant Factory for Moth Pheromone Production," is published in Nature Communications.   Abstract: Moths depend on pheromone communication for mate finding and synthetic pheromones are used for monitoring or disruption of pheromone communication in pest insects. Here we produce moth sex pheromone, using Nicotiana benthamiana as a plant factory, by transient expression of up to four genes coding for consecutive biosynthetic steps. We specifically produce multicomponent sex pheromones for two species. The fatty alcohol fractions from the genetically modified plants are acetylated to mimic the respective sex pheromones of the small ermine moths Yponomeuta evonymella and Y. padella. These mixtures are very efficient and specific for trapping of male moths, matching the activity of conventionally produced pheromones. Our long-term vision is to design tailor-made production of any moth pheromone component in genetically modified plants. Such semisynthetic preparation of sex pheromones is a novel and cost-effective way of producing moderate to large quantities of pheromones with high purity and a minimum of hazardous waste.