- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
We have a winner in the annual Beer-for-a-Butterfly Contest, in which the first person to collect the first cabbage white butterfly of the year in the three-county area of Yolo, Sacramento and Solano, wins a beer.
The 2024 winner of the "Suds for a Bug" contest?
The repeat winner, UC Davis distinguished professor emeritus Art Shapiro. He has sponsored the annual contest since 1972 as part of his scientific research involving long-term studies of butterfly life cycles and climate change. He also participates in his own contest.
In its larval stage, the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, is a pest of cole crops, including cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli.
Shapiro did not actually collect the butterfly; he recorded it. But no person came forth with an eligible entry.
Shapiro spotted the cabbage white on Monday, Jan. 29 at 11:30 a.m. in West Sacramento, Yolo County, and saw the same one again at 11:40.
As he related in his posse email: “Went to West Sac bright and early, direct from breakfast and without a net. Light ground fog broke up by 9:30 a.m. and thereafter it was clear until around 2, when high, thin overcast moved in rapidly from the west. Before it clouded over, it hit 73F, with light and variable wind. Once the clouds moved in, although they were translucent, the temperature dropped quickly into the 60s. There are a few Brassica kaber (mustard) and a couple of dozen Raphanus (wild radish) in bloom, a tiny fraction of what was around last year at the end of January."
“Saw my first rapae of 2024, a male, at 11.20 a.m. and the same one again at 11.40. Then nothing until 12:20--another male, certainly a different one, 1.5 miles farther west. Nothing else seen, so 1(2) for the day.”
The emeritus professor said he learned that someone “may have gotten one yesterday (Jan. 28), location unknown, but no one came forth." He also received a report of one collected on Jan. 22 in Davis "which almost certainly hatched indoors so I'm not counting it. It was found in the person's apartment at 7 p.m., but never seen to come in from outdoors."
Shapiro, who has monitored butterfly populations in Central California since 1972, and maintains a research website at http://butterfly.ucdavis.edu/, says the point of the contest "is to get the earliest possible flight date for statistical purposes. The rules require that the animal be captured and brought in alive to be verified. That way no one can falsely claim to have seen one or misidentify something else as a cabbage white."
The contest rules include:
- It must be an adult (no caterpillars or pupae) and be captured outdoors.
- It must be brought in alive to the Bohart Museum of Entomology, located in Room 1124, Academic Surge Building, 455 Crocker Lane, UC Davis campus, during work hours, from 8 a.m. to noon, and from 1 to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. It must include full data (exact time, date and location of the capture) and the contact information of the collector (address, phone number and/or e-mail.) Brennen Dyer will certify that it is alive and refrigerate it. (If it's collected on a weekend or holiday, it can be kept in the refrigerator for a few days--do not freeze it, Shapiro says.)
- Shapiro is the sole judge.
Brennen related no one brought a white cabbage butterfly to the Bohart Museum to compete in the contest.
P. rapae is emerging earlier and earlier as the regional climate has warmed, Shapiro says. "Since 1972, the first flight of the cabbage white butterfly has varied from Jan. 1 to Feb. 22, averaging about Jan. 20."
Shapiro has been defeated only four times and those were by UC Davis graduate students. Adam Porter won in 1983; Sherri Graves and Rick VanBuskirk each won in the late 1990s; and Jacob Montgomery in 2016. The first three were his own graduate students.
Who won in 2023? Shapiro spotted the first butterfly of 2023 at 11:22 a.m., in West Sacramento. He did not collect the butterfly but recorded it as the first of the year. No one came forth with a competitor.
Matthew Forister, the Foundation Professor, Trevor J. McMinn Endowed Research Professor in Biology at the University of Nevada, Reno, collaborates with Shapiro and annually creates a graph, using statistics from 1972 to the current year. "The long-term linear pattern continues, although recent years have been less steep (the year slope was -0.45 six years ago; is -0.34 now)," he related. Forister received his PhD in ecology from UC Davis in 2004, studying with Shapiro.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
And who especially loves triceratops, the dinosaur with that three-horned face that lived 66 to 68 million years ago in North America? Measuring about 26 to 30 feet long, it weighed 5.5–9.9 short tons, according to Wikipedia. "It shared the landscape with and was most likely preyed upon by Tyrannosaurus, though it is less certain that two adults would battle in the fanciful manner often depicted in museum displays and popular media."
If you attend the 13th annual UC Davis Biodiversity Museum Day, a free and family friendly "Super Science Day" on Saturday, Feb. 10, showcasing 10 museums and collections, keep your eyes open for crocheted triceratops. The treasures will be hidden around some of the buildings, including the Earth and Physical Sciences Building, home of the Paleontology Collection.
They're the work of Jakob Lopez, a third-year animal biology major at UC Davis and an intern at the Bohart Museum of Entomology. How his eyes lit up when he saw the triceratops riding the double-decker bus, a Biodiversity Museum Day graphic.
"I am going to make around 15-20, most likely," he said. An attached note will read: "CONGRATS, you found me. Now please take care of me.--Happy Biodiversity Day 2024."
The story behind the story?
Jakob has interned at the Bohart Museum since the beginning of the winter quarter. "I plan on using my time at the Bohart wisely and I eventually would like to spread awareness of using bugs as a food source/enhancer. I also would also like to be involved in using art to depict science. For example I would like to come out with my own book of scientific illustrations."
The 10 museums or collections participating on Feb. 10 and the hours open are:
- Anthropology Museum, 328 Young Hall and grounds, open from noon to 4 p.m.
- Arboretum and Public Garden, Habitat Gardens in the Environmental GATEway, adjacent to the Arboretum Teaching Nursery on Garrod Drive, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- Bohart Museum of Entomology, Room 1124 and main hall of the Academic Surge Building, 455 Crocker Lane, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- Botanical Conservatory, the greenhouses along Kleiber Hall Drive, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- California Raptor Center, 1340 Equine Lane, off Old Davis Road, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
- Center for Plant Diversity, Katherine Esau Science Hall off Kleiber Hall Drive, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- Nematode Collection (part of the UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology), Katherine Esau Science Hall, off Kleiber Hall Drive, 10 am. to 2 p.m.
- Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology, Room 1394, Academic Surge Building, 455 Crocker Lane, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- Paleontology Collection, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1309 Earth and Physical Sciences Building, 434 LaRue Road, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Robert Mondavi Institute Brewery and Food Processing facility, Old Davis Road, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
The double-decker bus is the 2020 work of Ivana Li, UC Davis biology laboratory manager. It was colorized and updated this year by Caitlen Comendant, an undergraduate design major at UC Davis, and a media intern for the Center for Plant Diversity and the Botanical Conservatory.
Sharing the bus on the upper level are (from left)
- California Raptor Center: Golden eagle
- UC Davis Arboretum and Public Garden: Valley oak leaf
- Anthropology Museum: Projectile point
- Botanical Conservatory: Titan arum
- Phaff Yeast Collection: Budding yeast
- Paleontology Collection: Skull of Triceratops
Lower level (from left)
- Bohart Museum of Entomology: Chinese praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis
- UC Davis Bee Haven: honey bee
- Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology: Salt marsh harvest mouse
- Nematode Collection: Hookworm
- Center for Plant Diversity: Seed cone of a gray pine
- Marine Invertebrates Collection: California sea cucumber (included on bus but this collection will not be included at the Biodiversity Museum Day)
Last year some 4,000 visitors learned "about biodiversity through our amazing biological collections," said Yang, co-founder of the event. It's an opportunity to talk to the scientists and learn about the work they're doing.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
That would be UC Davis distinguished professor Lynn Kimsey, director of the Bohart Museum of Entomology from 1990 until yesterday, Jan. 31, 2024.
Today, Feb. 1, is her first full day of retirement after 34 years of service to UC Davis (teaching, research and public service), and it also happens to be her birthday anniversary.
The Bohart Museum staff celebrated her birthday today. "I'm 71," she said. (And yes, it's okay to print that.)
Why is she "The Girl in the Red Boots?" A photograph of her at age 5, sitting on a fence and holding an insect net, graces the entrance to the Bohart Museum. Her boots are colorized red in the black and white photo.
Lynn grew up in El Cerrito as Lynn Siri and went on to receive two degrees in entomology from UC Davis: a bachelor's degree (1976) and a doctorate (1979). She joined the UC Davis faculty in 1989 following an appointment at Harvard.
The Bohart Museum, founded by UC Davis entomologist Richard "Doc" Bohart in 1946, began with only 400 insect specimens at its Briggs Hall location. Under Kimsey's tenure, it has grown to a global collection of eight million insect specimens in Room 1124 of the Academic Surge Building, 455 Crocker Lane, and is the seventh largest insect collection in North America.
Kimsey, a recognized international authority on insect biodiversity, systematics and biogeography of parasitic wasps, urban entomology, civil forensic entomology, and arthropod-related industrial hygiene, is a past president of the International Society of Hymenopterists (2002-2004), and former member of the board of directors of the Natural Science Collections Alliance (2000 and 2001).
A popular administrator, Kimsey served as the vice chair of the UC Davis Department of Entomology in 2005-2006 and again in 2009-2010. She headed the department as interim chair in 2008-2009.
We asked her today: "How is retirement?"
"Retirement is weird," Kimsey said. "Somehow nothing changes, but so many things change! I'm still going to work in the museum, sorting and identifying bugs, and answering questions, but I won't have to teach or do committee work."
Kimsey will continue to be the executive director of the Bohart Museum Society, and write and publish the newsletter. No, she's not going to Disneyland (as some retirees comment). "I'm going to try to make a publishable form of my keys to the insects of California. I will still be doing the newsletters and information pages."
"Jason is taking over (as museum director), and I know where he lives," she quipped.
That would be arachnologist Jason Bond, whose office and lab are just down the hallway. He joined the UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology in 2018 as a professor and the Evert and Marion Schlinger Endowed Chair. The UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences appointed him associate dean in 2021. He's also the president-elect of the American Arachnological Society.
A retirement party for Lynn Kimsey is planned April 6, information pending. Husband, Bob, a forensic entomologist with the Department of Entomology and Nematology, plans to retire in June.
Let's celebrate "The Girl in the Red Boots!"
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
It's long been a model organism for biological research in such fields as genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis and life history evolution.
And now, a New York scientist is studying the circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep in these fruit flies.
Orie Shafer, professor of biology and cognitive neuroscience, City University of New York, will share his research on Monday, Feb. 5 in a seminar hosted by the UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology.
Shafer will discuss "Circadian and Homeostatic Regulation of Fly Sleep" at 4:10 p.m. in Room 122 of Briggs Hall, and also on Zoom. The Zoom link:
https://ucdavis.zoom.us/j/95882849672.
"Sleep-like states are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and are regulated by two distinct forms of regulation, circadian and homeostatic," Shafer says in his abstract. "Homeostatic mechanisms promote increases in sleep pressure during prolonged wakefulness. Circadian mechanisms determine the likelihood of sleep, increasing or decreasing its probability across the day. Though the molecular and neural mechanisms of circadian timekeeping are relatively well-understood, much less is known about the mechanistic basis of sleep homeostasis. The fly Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for the studying of sleep regulation. In this talk I will describe recent work from my lab examining how circadian timekeeping and sleep homeostasis operate in this fly and how these two regulatory processes converge to produce the proper timing and amount of sleep."
Shafer will be introduced by molecular geneticist and physiologist Joanna Chiu, professor and chair of the department. He received his doctorate in biology from the University of Washington, and served as a postdoctoral researcher at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis.
In a YouTube video with Abhilash Lakshman on "Circadian and Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep in an Insect Brain," Shafer points out that "Sleep is largely controlled by two processes--a circadian clock that regulates its timing and a homeostat that regulates the drive to sleep." In the video, he discusses some of the fundamental biology involved in human and fly sleep. Lakshman describes "an elegant two process model in which the circadian and homeostatic components act independently, bringing theory and experiment together for a new understanding of fly sleep."
D. melanogaster feeds on rotting fruit and fermenting beverages, and is often found not only in orchards, but in kitchens and bars.
Charles W. Woodworth proposed in 1901 that D. melanogasterbe used as a model organism. "As of 2017, six Nobel Prizes have been awarded to drosophilists for their work using the insect," according to Wikipedia. "D. melanogaster is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of chromosomes, and large number of offspring per generation. It was originally an African species, with all non-African lineages having a common origin. Its geographic range includes all continents, including islands. D. melanogaster is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other places where food is served."
For any Zoom technical issues, contact seminar coordinator Brian Johnson, associate professor, at brnjohnson@ucdavis.edu. See complete list of seminars for the winter quarter.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
EicOsis Human Health LLC, the Davis-based pharmaceutical company developing a non-narcotic drug to relieve chronic pain and inflammation, today announced the next step in its ongoing human clinical trials: the initiation of Phase 1b to test the safety of its drug candidate, EC5026.
The ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1b study is designed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of daily doses of EC5026 over seven days.
EC5026, an inhibitor of the soluble hydrolase enzyme (sEH), was discovered and patented at EicOsis based on previous patents and research papers from the laboratory of UC Davis distinguished professor Bruce Hammock during his half-century of research.
“EC5026 plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of signaling lipids and responding to inflammation and other stress responses caused by trauma or disease,” said Hammock, who holds a joint appointment with the Department of Entomology and Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center. “We found sEH to be a target for treating pain, inflammation, cancer and other diseases.”
By inhibiting sEH, EC5026 alleviates pain by preventing the breakdown of natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory fatty acids. Preclinical studies demonstrate no sedation or other adverse behavioral effects and no signs of addiction.
“Many regulatory molecules are controlled as much by degradation as biosynthesis,” Hammock explained. "The epoxy fatty acids rapidly degraded by the sEH control blood pressure, fibrosis,immunity, tissue growth, depression, pain, and inflammation, to name a few processes.”
“The initial results from Cohort 1 appear to replicate the very favorable safety profile we observed in our previous two Phase 1a clinical studies where there were no adverse behavioral, cardiovascular, or neurological effects over five ascending single-dose levels,” said Dr. William Schmidt, EicOsis vice president of clinical development. “The maximum dose level was 5 to 10-fold higher than the anticipated analgesic dose in humans.”
“If Cohort 2 dosing also proceeds without clinically significant adverse effects and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for once-a-day dosing,” Schmidt continued, “this provides encouragement for initiating our first analgesic efficacy study in the second quarter of 2024.”
EicOsis plans to initiate its first pain patient study in April 2024 “to evaluate safety and analgesic effects in patients with a spinal cord injury who have failed to achieve satisfactory pain relief with existing non-opioid chronic pain medications,” said Cindy McReynolds, EicOsis chief executive officer and former director of research.
“Initiation of the Phase 1b program represents a significant milestone for EicOsis Human Health and demonstrates the success and dedication of our team to make this happen,” said McReynolds, who holds a doctorate in pharmacology and toxicology from UC Davis. “Demonstrating safety in Phase 1b studies will allow us to evaluate efficacy in patients and bring forward safe and effective treatments for several serious diseases. For example, the sEH inhibitors are being considered for use for treatment of cancer in the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, and neurological disease through the UC Davis Health's designated Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence.”
“As a potential anti-inflammatory fatty acid, EC5026 holds promise in addressing neuroinflammation, a key factor in the manifestation and even progression of Parkinson's,” said Zhang, who holds both an M.D. and a PhD. “Ensuring its safety profile in healthy individuals is fundamental for establishing a foundation for further clinical trials. this investigation provides valuable insights into design and overall safety parameters, paving the way for the next stages in advancing this innovative therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease."
The FDA granted Fast Track status to EC5026 in April 2020 to support the unmet medical need for safe and effective non-opioid analgesics. EicOsis clinical scientist Irene Cortés Puch, who authored the successful application, commented: “Both our commitment and focus at EicOsis Human Health are guided by a genuine concern for the well-being of patients and recognizing the importance of identifying effective pain management alternatives. Therefore, the initiation of this Phase 1b clinical trial is an exciting step in advancing our mission to provide safer and effective treatments.”
Hammock traces his research on chronic pain to his earlier work on how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly; a key enzyme, epoxide hydrolase, degrades a caterpillar's juvenile hormone, resulting in metamorphosis.
A member of the UC Davis faculty since 1980, Hammock founded ;EicOsis in 2011 and served as its chief executive officer until February 2023 when he transitioned to scientific officer and chairman of the board of directors. Highly honored by his peers, he is a member of the National Academy of Inventors and the National Academy of Sciences and received the 2020 Lifetime Achievement Award in Innovation from UC Davis Chancellor Gary May. Hammock has authored or co-authored more than 1400 peer-reviewed publications and holds more than 95 patents in agriculture, environmental science and medicinal chemistry.
EicOsis (pronounced eye-co-sis), derives its name from eicosanoids, “the major backbone of chemical mediators in the arachidonate cascade,” McReynolds said. “It symbolizes the epoxide group in chemistry, which is key to the anti-inflammatory chemical mediators and where the biochemical target called soluble epoxide hydrolase works.”
Approximately 50 million Americans (20 percent of the population) suffer from chronic pain, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The annual economic toll is $560 billion, encompassing direct medical expenses, lost productivity, and disability claims.
More information on the Phase 1b multiple-ascending dose clinical study is available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06089837.
