Swanson, Patti C. Wooten : P.C.W. Swanson is Nutrition, Family and Consumer Science Advisor, UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE), San Diego County

Varcoe, Karen P

Costs also depend on where a care re - Long - term care is an important consider - cipient lives . California has some of the highest costs in the country , and aver - ation in financial planning for later life ages about 15 % higher in urban than in rural areas ( Genworth Financial 2007 ) . by Patti C . Wooten Swanson and Karen P . Varcoe The Web site www.medicare.gov has ( Genworth Financial 2006 ) . A single or a calculator for estimating oneâ??s poten - widowed elder is more likely to need ong - term care â?? refers to a variety tial lifetime care costs . The Long - term long - term care than one who has a â?? Lof services and supportive mea - Care Planning Tool uses a confidential spouse or partner at home . Lifestyle sures to meet health or personal care survey and national usage data to create choices such as smoking , sedentary needs over an extended period of time . a customized estimate , suggest types living and poor nutrition increase the Most long - term care is nonskilled per - of long - term care services that might be risk of needing long - term care and may sonal care assistance , such as help with needed and identify possible financing result in the need for more extensive the everyday activities of living . options , including insurance . services at the end of life . Long - term care can be very expen - Another approach is to project the Several factors affect what an indi - sive . A private room in a California types of care a person may need over vidual actually pays for care . Often , the nursing home ( the most expensive type ) a lifetime and how many years for intensity and duration of care increase averages $ 239.30 per day or $ 87,345 per each , then calculate estimated lifetime over time and may coincide with a pro - year , and the care recipient must pay costs using local cost data . The default gression of care settings from home and for doctor bills , hospitalizations and planning scenario used by the Federal community , to assisted living , and in prescription drugs ( Kaiser Commission Long - Term Care Insurance Program ( for some cases to a nursing home . For ex - 2006 ; Genworth Financial 2010 ) . federal employees ) is 5 years : 2 for home ample , an elder might need occasional While not all Californians will health , 1 of assisted living and 2 of assistance ( once or twice per year for need expensive long - term care , 70 % of nursing home care ( table 1 ) . Since most certain activities such as traveling ) , those over age 65 will need some dur - Californians will likely need some type then periodic assistance ( monthly or ing their lifetimes . Without advance of long - term care as they age , although weekly , for activities such as cleaning planning , paying for long - term care the type and duration of care will vary , and shopping ) , then daily assistance could result in sacrificing a lifetime of it is important for families to address ( with tasks such as preparing meals , savings or even losing oneâ??s financial the issue of long - term care as part of a bathing and dressing ) , and finally as - independence ( California Healthcare comprehensive personal financial plan . sistance and supervision 24 hours per Foundation 2010 ) . day . Increasing levels of care are usually Age , gender , marital status and more expensive . Homemaker services P.C.W . Swanson is Nutrition , Family and Con - lifestyle choices influence whether or ( shopping , meal preparation , cleaning , sumer Science Advisor , UC Cooperative Extension not a person will need long - term care . etc . ) are generally less expensive than ( UCCE ) , San Diego County ; and K.P . Varcoe is The older a person gets , the more likely home health care , which usually costs Consumer Economics Specialist , UC Riverside . that it will be needed . Regardless of less than assisted living . Skilled nursing Assistance was provided by Nancilynne Schindler health status , the very old ( over age 85 ) care is the most expensive . and Thom Tran , Staff Research Associates , UCCE San Diego . may need assistance with activities of A personâ??s age when care begins in - daily living , such as household chores fluences how long care will be needed , References or transportation ( Family Caregiver and thus the lifetime costs . Someone California Healthcare Foundation . 2010 . Survey : Many Alliance 2005 ) . Women are more likely who receives long - term care at age 65 Californians Not Ready for Health Care Costs . California - Healthline ( April 22 ) : 1 . than men to need long - term care , and will probably require care for more typically for a longer period of time ( av - years than one who begins at age 85 . Family Caregiver Alliance . 2005 . Selected Long - Term Care Statistics . www.caregiver.org ( accessed 4 / 13 / 06 ) . erage 3.7 years ) than men ( average 2.2 Those who are cognitively impaired , years ) ( US DHHS 2002 ) . as with Alzheimerâ??s disease , may need Genworth Financial . 2006 . The Impact of Long Term Women 65 or older today have a 44 % care for longer because the disease af - Care On Women â?? An Analysis of Women As Care Pro - viders and Care Recipients , Exec Sum : 20 . Rep NS40758 . chance of entering a nursing home at fects the ability to live independently some point , compared with 27 % of men but doesnâ??t necessarily shorten life . Genworth Financial . 2007 . Cost of Care Survey , Execu - tive Summary : 10 . Pub 37522 . tABLE 1 . Estimate of lifetime total for long - term care received over 5 years in California , 2010 Genworth Financial . 2010 . Genworth Financial 2010 Cost of Care Survey , California . www.genworth.com . Years type of care Annual cost total cost [ Kaiser Commission ] Kaiser Commission on Medicaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ and the Uninsured . 2006 . Private Long - term Care In - surance : A Viable Option for Low and Middle Income 2 Home health care : Medicare - certified & licensed 46,904 93,808 Seniors ? Pub No 7459 . Kaiser Family Foundation . Wash - home health aide ( 50 hours per week ) ington , DC . 2 p . 1 Assisted living ( private one - bedroom unit ) 42,000 42,000 [ US DHHS ] US Department of Health and Human Ser - 2 Nursing home ( private room ) 87,345 174,690 vices . 2002 . National Clearinghouse on Long - Term Care . total 310,498 Own Your Future : Understanding Long - Term Care . www . longtermcare.gov . Source : Genworth Financial 2010 ; California â?? State Median : Annual Care Costs in 2010 . 206 CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE â?¢ VOLUME 64 , NUMBER 4but long - range goals to develop , refine providers and caregivers to promote the Human resources priorities and standardize basic nutrition and need for a statewide strategy to upgrade UC can make further contributions wellness curricula for in - home caregiv - the basic skills of undertrained caregiv - to the body of research on appropri - ers statewide remain a priority among ers . The expected impact is to increase ate curricula , evaluate outcomes and UCCEâ??s human resources professionals . the competencies of diverse groups of impacts , and determine effective edu - UCCE can play an integral role in fram - undertrained caregivers , enhance the cational approaches and practices to ing educational solutions to increase the quality and safety of care delivered to train a diverse group of undertrained competencies of undertrained IHSS and elderly and other disabled persons in caregivers . The education and train - family caregivers . California , and protect the well - being of ing needs of in - home caregivers were More research is needed to pilot and caregivers themselves . identified as a priority area during the refine specific tools and methodologies 2008 ANR Human Resources Nutrition for instruction , appropriate educational Update . Members of several ANR work - materials , and evaluation tools and G.J . Barrett is County Director and Community groups ( Aging , Food Safety and Health methods . UCCE Sacramento County be - Development / Public Policy Advisor , UC Coopera - Promotion ) have conducted trainings gan important work on a basic tive Extension ( UCCE ) , Sacramento County ; and with IHSS caregivers , developed and caregiver - training curriculum , and at M.L . Blackburn is Nutrition , Family and Consumer are pilot - testing curricula appropriate least five counties have trained care - Sciences Advisor , UCCE Alameda County . We ac - for caregivers , and are exploring pos - givers on safe food - handling practices knowledge Charles Brown , Professional Engineer sible funding sources for this work . ( Barrett and Song 2003 ; Barrett et al . and Data Analyst , UCCE Alameda County , and The University can work with policy - 2005 ; Barrett and Blackburn 2009 ; members of the Aging Californians in Rural and Urban Settings Workgroup . makers , public administrators , service Blackburn et al . 2009 ) . [ CDSS ] California Department of Social Services . 2009 . Oakley D . 2010 . Disabled , caregivers fear proposed References California Monthly In - Home Supportive Services casel - cuts . Bay Area News Group . August 14 . PA3 - C1 . Arno PS , Levine C , Memmott MM . 1999 . The eco - oad and cost data . www.cdss.ca.gov / research / PG347 . nomic value of informal caregiving . Health Affair htm ( accessed 3 / 19 / 09 ) . Ong P , Rickles J , Benjamin AE . 2002 . California Care - 18 : 182 â?? 8 . givers : Final Labor Market Analysis . UCLA School of Dyck DG , Short R , Vitaliano PP . 1999 . Predictors of Public Policy . Los Angeles , CA . Bailey S , Paul L . 2008 . 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