Peer Reviewed Journal Publications
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
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Marcelo I. Bustamante, Shannon Colleen Lynch, Karina Elfar, John N. Kabashima, Rhonda Wood, Heather F. Neault, Madeleine B. Rauhe, Jeffrey Crain, Jasmine A. Lopez, Amanda Penicks, Humberto Mojica, Mike D. Atkinson, Christopher Shogren, Molly Arreguin, Carissa Frency Chiang, Samuel I. Wells, Karen S. Alarcon, and Akif Eskalen. First Report of Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Pine Ghost Canker on Pinus spp. in Southern California. 2023. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2076-PDN
- Reverchon, F., Contreras-Ramos, S.M., Eskalen, A., Guerrero-Analco, J.A., Quiñones-Aguilar, E.E., Ríos-Velasco, C., Velázquez-Fernández, J.P. 2021. Microbial biocontrol strategies for ambrosia beetles and their associated phytopathogenic fungi. Frontier in Sustainability Food System. Crop Biology and Sustainability. Review Article. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.737977
- Mendel, Z., Lynch, S.C, Eskalen, A., Protasov, A., Maymon, M., Freeman. S. 2021. What determines host range and reproductive performance of an invasive ambrosia beetleEuwallacea fornicatus; lessons from Israel and California. Frontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.654702
- Bejarano-Bolívar, A.A., Lamelas, A., Aguirre von Wobeser, E., Sanchez-Rangel, D., Mendez-Bravo, A., Eskalen, A., Reverchon, F. 2021. Shifts in the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities of avocado after Fusarium dieback. Rhizophere. V.18.June 2021, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100333.
- Lynch, S.C., Eskalen, A., Gilbert, G. 2020. Host evolutionary relationships explain tree mortality caused by a generalist pest-pathogen complex. Evolutionary Applications. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13182)
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David M Geiser, Abdullah Al-Hatmi, Takayuki Aoki, Tsutomu Arie, Virgilio Balmas, Irene Barnes, Gary C Bergstrom, MKK Bhattacharyya, Cheryl L Blomquist, Robert Bowden, Balázs Brankovics, Daren W Brown, Lester William Burgess, Kathryn Bushley, Mark Busman, José F Cano-Lira, Joseph D Carrillo, Hao-Xun Chang, Chi-Yu Chen, Wanquan Chen, Martin I Chilvers, Sofia Noemi Chulze, Jeffrey J Coleman, Christina A Cuomo, Z Wilhelm de Beer, G Sybren de Hoog, Johanna Del Castillo-Múnera, Emerson Del Ponte, Javier Diéguez-Uribeondo, Antonio Di Pietro, Vérnonique Edel-Hermann, Wade H Elmer, Lynn Epstein, Akif Eskalen, Maria Carmela Esposto, Kathryne L Everts, Sylvia P Fernández-Pavía, Gilvan Ferreira da Silva, Nora A Foroud, Gerda Fourie, Rasmus JN Frandsen, Stanley Freeman, Michael Freitag, Omer Frenkel, Kevin K Fuller, Tatiana Gagkaeva, Donald Max Gardiner, Anthony E Glenn, Scott Gold, Tom Gordon, Nancy F Gregory, Marieka Gryzenhout, Josep Guarro, Beth Gugino, Santiago Gutiérrez, Kim Hammond-Kosack, Linda J Harris, Mónika Homa, Cheng-Fang Hong, László Hornok, Jenn-Wen Huang, Macit Ilkit, Adriaana Jacobs, Karin Jacobs, Cong Jiang, Maria Del Mar Jimenez-Gasco, Seogchan Kang, Matthew T Kasson, Kemal Kazan, John Carlyle Kennell, HyeSeon Kim, Harold Corby Kistler, Gretchen A Kuldau, Tomasz Kulik, Oliver Kurzai, Imane Laraba, Matthew H Laurence, Theresa Yun Lee, Yin-Won Lee, Yong-Hwan Lee, John F Leslie, Edward CY Liew, Lily W Lofton, Antonio Logrieco, Manuel Sánchez López-Berges, Alicia Graciela Luque, Erik Lysøe, Li-Jun Ma, Robert E Marra, Frank N Martin, Sara Ruth May, Susan McCormick, Chyanna T McGee, Jacques F Meis, Quirico Migheli, Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor, Michel Monod, Antonio Moretti, Diane Mostert, Giuseppina Mulé, Françoise Munaut, Gary P Munkvold, Paul Nicholson, Marcio Nucci, Kerry O'Donnell, Matias Pasquali, Ludwig H Pfenning, Anna Prigitano, Robert Proctor, Stéphane Ranque, Stephen Rehner, Martijn Rep, Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado, Lindy J Rose, Mitchell George Roth, Carmen Ruiz-Roldán, Amgad A Saleh, Baharuddin Salleh, Hyunkyu Sang, Mercedes Scandiani, Jonathan Scauflaire, David Schmale III, Dylan PG Short, Adnan Šišic, Jason Smith, Christopher W Smyth, Hokyoung Son, Ellie Spahr, Jason E Stajich, Emma Steenkamp, Christian Steinberg, Rajagopal Subramaniam, Haruhisa Suga, Brett Anthony Summerell, Antonella Susca, Cassandra Lynn Swett, Christopher Toomajian, Terry Jarianna Torres-Cruz, Anna Maria Tortorano, Martin Urban, Lisa J Vaillancourt, Gary E Vallad, Theo van der Lee, Dan Vanderpool, Anne D van Diepeningen, Martha Vaughan, Eduard Venter, Marcele Vermeulen, Paul E Verweij, Altus Viljoen. 2020. Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the 2 Fusarium solani Species Complex. Phytopathology. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-20-0330-LE
- Rugman-Jones, P., Au, M., Ebrahimi, V., Eskalen, A., Conrad P. D. T., Honsberger, D., Husein, D., Wright, M.G., Yousuf, F., Stouthamer, R. 2020. One becomes two: second species of the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species complex is established on two Hawaiian Islands. PeerJ. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9987.
- Rabaglia, R.J., Smith, S.L., Rugman-Jones, P., Digirolomo, M.F., Ewing, C., Eskalen, A. 2020. Establishment of a non-native xyleborine ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), new to North America in California. Zootaxa, 4786(2): 269-276.
- 1464–1473 Colletotrichum karstii
- Avocado rhizobacteria emit volatile organic compounds with antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, Fusarium sp. associated with Kuroshio shot hole borer, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Microbial Research, 219(2019)74-83. . 2019.
- Moreno, K., Carrillo, J.D., Trouillas, F.P., Eskalen, A., 2018. Almond (Prunus dulcis) is susceptible to Fusarium euwallaceae, a fungal pathogen vectored by the Polyphagous shot hole borer in California. Plant Disease. 102(1)2018.
- A Canedo-Téxon Life 9 (1), 2
- Mayorquin, J.S., Carrillo, J.D., Twizeyimana, M., Peacock, B.B., Sugino, K.Y., Na, F., Wang, D.H., Kabashima, J.N., Eskalen, A. 2018. Chemical management of invasive shot hole borer and Fusarium dieback in California sycamore (Platanus racemose) in Southern California. Plant Disease. 102(7) 1307-1315.
- Na, F., Carrillo, J.D., Mayorquin, J.S., Ndinga-Muniana, C., Stajich, J.E., Stauthamer, R., Huang, Y., Chen, C., Eskalen, A. 2018. Two novel fungal symbionts Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov. and Graphium kuroshium sp. nov. of Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallaceae sp. nr. fornicatus) cause Fusarium dieback on woody host species in California. Plant Disease. 102(6)1154-1164.
- Guevera-Avendano, E., Carrillo, J., Ndinga-Muniana, C., Moreno, K., MéndedoBravo, a., Guerrero-Analco, J., Eskalen, A., Reverchon, F. 2017. Antifungal activity of avocado rhizobacteria against Fusarium euwallaceae and Graphium spp., associated Euwallaceae spp. nr. fornicatus and Phytophthora cinnamomi. Antonie van Leewenhoek, Journal of Microbiology. DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0977-5
- Michele Eatough Jones, John Kabashima, Akif Eskalen, Monica Dimson, Joey S. Mayorquin, Joseph D. Carrillo, Christopher C. Hanlon, and Timothy D. Paine. 2017. Evaluations of Insecticides and Fungicides for Reducing Attack Rates of a new invasive ambrosia beetle (Euwallacea sp., Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Infested Landscape Trees in California. Journal of Economic Entomology. Vol 110, No 4. pp. 1611-1618.
- Adesemoye AO, Mayorquin JS, Peacock BB, Moreno K, Hajeri S, Yokomi R and Eskalen, A. 2017. Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California. J Plant Pathol Microbiol 2017, 8: 391.
- Richard Stouthamer, Paul Rugman-Jones, Pham Q. Thu, Akif Eskalen, Tim Thibault, Jiri Hulcr, Liang-Jong Wang, Bjarte H. Jordal, Chi-Yu Chen, Miriam Cooperband, Ching-Shan Lin, Naoto Kamata, Sheng-Shan Lu, Hayato Masuya, Zvi Mendel, Robert Rabaglia, Sunisa Sanguansub, Hsin-Hui Shih, Wisut Sittichaya and Shixiang Zong, 2017. Tracing the origin of a cryptic invader: phylogeography of the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species complex. Agricultural and Forest Entomology.
- Endes, A., Kayim, M., Eskalen, A. 2016. First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasidiplodia preudotheobromaeand Diplodia seriata causing Bot Canker and gummosis of nectarines in Turkey. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-16-0036-PDN
- Dylan P. G. Short, Kerry O’Donnell, Jason E. Stajich, Jiri Hulcr, Teiya Kijimoto, Matthew C. Berger, Angie M. Macias, Ellie J. Spahr, Craig C. Bateman, Akif Eskalen, Shannon C. Lynch, Anthony I. Cognato, Miriam F. Cooperband, and Matthew T. Kasson. 2016. PCR Multiplexes Discriminate Fusarium Symbionts of Invasive Euwallacea Ambrosia Beetles that Inflict Damage on Numerous Tree Species Throughout the United States. Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. 0: PDIS-07-16-1046-RE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-16-1046-RE
- O’Donnell, K., Libeskind-Hadas, R., Hulcr, J., Bateman, C., Kasson, M.T., Ploetz, R.C., Konkol, J.L., Ploetz, J.N., Carrillo, D., Campbell, A., Duncan, R.E., Liyanage, P.N.H., Eskalen, A., Lynch, S.C., Geiser, D.M., Freeman, S., Mendel, Z., Sharon, M., Aoki, T., Cossé, A.A., Rooney, A.P. 2016. Invasive Asian Fusarium – Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests, urban landscapes, and the avocado industry. Phytoparasitica. DOI 10.1007/s12600-016-0543-0.
- Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D., Twizeyimana, M., Eskalen, A. 2016. Identification, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Diatrypaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Citrus Branch Canker in the Southern California Desert. Plant Disease. Vol 100:12:2402-2413. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-16-0362-RE
- Lynch, S.C., Twizeyimana, M., Mayorquin, J., Wang, D., Na, F., Kayim, M., Kasson, M., Thu, P.Q., Bateman, C., Rugman-Jones, P., Hucr, J., Stouthamer, R., Eskalen, A. 2016. Identification, pathogenicity, and abundance of Paracremonium pembeum sp. nov. and Graphium euwallaceae sp. nov.- two newly discovered mycangial associates of the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp.) in California. Mycologia, 108(2), pp.313-329.
- Cooperband, M., Stouthamer, R., Carrillo, D., Eskalen, A., Thibault, T., Cosse, A., Castrillo, L.A., Vandenberg, J.D., Rugman-Jones, P. 2016. Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the USA, reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet. Agricultural and Forest Entomology (in Press). 15p. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/afe.12155.
- Bayoli, A. M., Halleen, F., Mostert, L., Eskalen, A. 2016. First report of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora pycnidia as Petri disease inoculum sources in South Africa vineyards. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-16-0569-PDN
- Carrillo, J., Rooney-Latham, S., Scheck, H., Eskalen, A. 2016. First report of Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum causing branch canker and dieback of avocado in California. 100(8)1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1357-PDN
- Bayoli, A. M., Halleen, F., Mostert, L., Eskalen, A. 2016. First report of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora pycnidia as Petri disease inoculum sources in South Africa vineyards. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-16-0569-PDN
- Akgul, D.S., Savas, N.G., Teker, T., Keykubat, B., Mayorquin, J.S., Eskalen, A., 2015. Fungal trunk pathogens of Sultana Seedless vineyards in Aegean region of Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. Vol. 54:2 p.380-393.
- O'Donnell, K., Sink, S., Libeskind-Hadas, R., Hulcr, J., Kasson, M.T., Ploetz, R., Konkol, J.N., Ploetz, J.N., Carillo, D., Kampbell, A., Duncan, R., Liyanage, P., Eskalen, A., Na, F., Geiser, D.M., Bateman, C., Freeman, S., Mendel, Z., Sharon, M., Aoki, T., Cosse, A., Rooney, A.P. 2015. Discordant phylogenies suggest repeated host shifts in the Fusarium – Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualism. Fungal Genet. Biol.Vol 82, pp. 277–290.
- Lynch, S.C., Zambino, P.J., Scott, T.A., Eskalen, A., 2014. Occurrence, incidence, and associations among fungal pathogens and Agrilus auroguttatus, and their roles in Quercus agrifolia decline in California. Forest Pathology. Vol.4:1, 62-74.
- Freeman, S., Sharon, M., Maymon, M., Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Aoki, T., Eskalen, A., O'Donnell, K. 2013. Fusarium euwallaceae sp. nov – a symbiotic fungus of Euwallacea sp., an invasive ambrosia beetle in Israel and California. Mycologia.105(6):1595-1606.
- Eskalen, A., Stouthamer, R., Lynch, S.C., Rugman-Jones, P., Twizeyimana, M., Gonzalez, A., Thibault, T. 2013. Host Range of Fusarium Dieback and its Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) Vector in Southern California. Plant Disease. In 97:7, 938-951.
- Adesemoye, A.O., Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D.H., Twizeyimana, M., Lynch, S.C., Eskalen, A., 2013. Identification of species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing cankers in citrus in California. Plant Disease, 98:1, 55-61.
- Twizeyimana, M., Forster, H., McDonald, V., Wang, D.H., Adaskaveg, J.E., Eskalen, A., 2013. Identification and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with stem-end rot of avocado in California. Plant Disease. 97:12, 1580-1584.
- Lynch, S.C., Zambino, P.J., Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D.H., Eskalen, A., 2013. Identification of New Fungal Pathogens of Coast Live Oak in California. Plant Disease. 97:8, 1025-1036.
- Kasson, M.T., O'Donnell, K., Rooney, A.P., Sink, S., Ploetz, R., Ploetz, J.N., Konkol, J.N., Carillo, D., Freeman, S., Mendel, Z., Smith, J.E., Black, A., Hulcr, J., Bateman, C., Black, A.W., Campbell, P.R., Geering, A.D., Dann, E.K., Eskalen, A., Mohotti, K., Short, D.P., Aoki, T., Fenstermacher, K.A., Davis, D.D., Geiser, D.M. 2013. An inordinate fondness for Fusarium: Phylogenetic diversity of fusaria cultivated by ambrosia beetles in the genus Euwallacea on avocado and other plant hosts. Fungal Genetics and Biology. Vol. 56: p.147-157.
- Twizeyimam, M., McDonald, V., Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D.H., Na, F., Akgul, D.S., Eskalen, A. 2013. Effect of Fungicide Applications on the Management of Avocado Branch Canker (Formerly Dothiorella Canker) in California. Plant Disease. 97:7, 897-902.
- Eskalen, A., Faber, B., Bianchi, M. 2013. Spore Trapping and Pathogenicity of Fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae and Dioporthaceae Associated with Avocado Branch Canker in California. Plant Disease, 97:3, 329-332.
- Akgul, D.S., Savas, N.G., Eskalen, A. 2013. First report of wood canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa, B. dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae on grapevine in Turkey. Plant Disease. In Press. Plant Disease. 98:4:568.
- Rolshausen, P.E., Akgul, D.S., Perez, R., Eskalen, A., Gispert, C. 2013. First report of wood canker caused byNeoscytalidium dimidatum on grapevine in California. Plant Disease. 97:11:1511
- Bayoli, M.A., Halleen, F., Mostert, L., Eskalen, A. 2013. First report of Togninia minima perithecia on esca- and Petri-diseased grapevines in South Africa. Plant Disease. 97(9):1247
- Lynch, S.C., Eskalen, A., Zambino, P., Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D. 2013. Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) decline in southern California.Mycologia,105:1, 125-140.
- Adesemoye, A.O., Mayorquin, J.S., Eskalen, A. 2013. Neofusicoccum luteum as a pathogen on Tejocote (Crataegus mexicana). Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 52:123-129.
- Mayorquin, J.S., Downer, A.J., Hodel, D.R., Liu, A., Eskalen, A. 2012. First report of multiple species of the Botryosphaeriaceae causing bot canker disease of Indian Laurel-leaf fig in California. Plant Disease. 96(3):459.
- Eskalen, A., Gonzalez, A., Wang, D.H., Twizeyimana, M. Mayorquin, J.S.Lynch, S.C. 2012. First report of a Fusarium sp. and its vector tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus) causing Fusarium dieback on avocado in California.Plant Disease, 96:7, 1070.
- Adesemoye, A. O., Eskalen, A. 2011. First report of Eutypella spp. associated with branch canker of citrus in California. Plant Disease, 95:9, 1187.
- McDonald, V., Eskalen, A. 2011. Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated with Avocado Branch Cankers in California. Plant Disease, 95:11, 1465-1573.
- Adesemoye, A. O., Eskalen, A. 2011. First Report of Spencermartinsia viticola, Neofusicoccum australe, N. parvum causing branch canker of citrus in California. Plant Disease, 95: 6, 770.
- . 2010. First Report of Bot Canker Caused by Diplodia corticola on Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) in CaliforniaPlant Disease.https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-10-0266
- Rolshausen, P.E., Urbez-Torres, J. R., Rooney-Latham, S., Eskalen, A., Smith, R .J., Gubler, W.D. 2010. Evaluation of Pruning Wound Susceptibility and Protection Against Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases. Am. J. Enol. Vitic.61:113-119.
- McDonald, V., Lynch, S. C. Eskalen, A. 2009. First Report of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and N. parvumassociated with avocado branch canker in California. Plant Disease, 93 (9) 967.
- Rooney-Latham, S., Janosuek, C.N., Eskalen, A., Gubler, W. D. 2008. First report of Aspergillus carbonarius causing sour rot of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) in California. Plant Disease, Plant Disease, 92:4, 651.
- Eskalen, A., Feliciano, A. J., and Gubler, W. D. 2007. Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Symptom Development in Response to Infection of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Plant Disease, 91:9, 1100-1104.
- Rooney, S. N., Eskalen, A. and Gubler, W. D. 2005. Ascospore Release of Togninia minima, Cause of Esca and Grapevine Decline in California. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2005-0209-01-RS.
- Rooney, S. N., Eskalen, A. and Gubler, W. D. 2005. Occurrence of Togninia minima perithecia in esca-infected vineyards in California. Plant Disease. 89:8, 867-871.
- Rooney, S. N., Eskalen, A, and Gubler, W. D. 2005. Teleomorph formation of Phaeoacremoniumaleophilum, cause of esca and grapevine decline in California. Plant Disease, 89:2, 177-184.
- Eskalen, A., Rooney, S. N. and Gubler, W. D. 2005 First Report of Perithecia of Phaeoacremonium viticola on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and ash tree (Fraxinus latifolia) in California. Plant Disease 89:6, 686.
- Eskalen, A., Rooney, S. N. and Gubler, W. D. 2005. Occurrence of Togninia fraxinopennsylvanica on Esca-Diseased Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and Declining Ash Trees (Fraxinus latifolia) in California. Plant Disease 89:5, 528.
- Auger, J., Esterio, M., Pérez, I., Gubler, W. D. and Eskalen, A. 2004. First Report of Phaeomoniella chlamydosporaon Vitis vinfera and French American Hybrids in Chile. Plant Disease, 88: 11, 1285
- Gubler, W. D., Tarlochan, T. T., Feliciano, A. J., Eskalen, A. 2004. Pathogenicity of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on grape berries in California. Phytopathologica Mediterranea. 43:1, 70-74.
- Gubler, W. D., Browne, G., Baumgartner, K., Eskalen, A., Latham, S. R., Petit. E. 2004. Root diseases of grapevines in California and their control. Australian Plant Pathology. 33:157-165.
- Feliciano, A. J., Eskalen, A., Gubler, W. D. 2004. Differential susceptibility of three grapevine cultivars to Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in California. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 43:66-69.
- Buzkan, N., Krivanek, A. F., Eskalen, A., Walker, M. A. 2003. Improvements in sample preparation and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of XyleIla fastidiosa in grapevine tissue. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 54:4, 307-312.
- Rooney, S. N., Eskalen, A., and Gubler, W. D. 2001. Recovery of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium infilatipes from soil and grapevine tissues. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 40:351-356.
- Eskalen, A., and Gubler, W. D. 2001. Association of Spores of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium infilatipes, and Pm. aleophilum with Grapevine Cordons in California. Phytopathologia Mediterrenea, 40:429-432.
- Eskalen, A., Gubler, W. D. and Khan, A. 2001. Rootstock Susceptibility to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium spp. Esca and Grapevine Declines. Phytopathologia Mediterrenea, 40:433-438.
- Caglayan, K., Ozavci, A. Eskalen. A. 1998. In vitro Multiplication of Salep Orchids, Growing Commonly in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey by Embriyo Culture. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry. 22: 187-191.