Facebook
X (Twitter)
Reddit
Pinterest
Tumblr
Delicious
LinkedIn
StumbleUpon
Nutrient Management Research Database
General Information
Research Title
Nitrogen supply effects on partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen to grain of irrigated wheat
Research Specifications
Crop: Wheat
Soil Type: Yolo Silt Loam, Zamora Silt Loam, Panoche Loam
County, State: (Yolo, Fresno), California
Year: 1992
Authors
Cassman, K.G., Bryant, D.C., Fulton, A.E., Jackson, L.F
Summary/Abstract from Original Source
Partitioning efficiencies of plant dry matter (harvest index, or HI) and N (NHI) to grain are determinants of economic yield and protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Response of HI and NHI to a range of early- and late-season N-supply environments was characterized at three sites with two hard red spring wheat cultivars (Year 1), and at one site with a third cultivar (Year 2). Treatments combined preplant N rates (0-250 kg N ha~') with additional N applied at anthesis
(0-65 kg N ha~'). The N-supply environment had contrasting effects on the HI and NHI. Greater early-season N supply increased
both grain and vegetative yields in approximately the same proportion so that the HI was relatively constant or increased slightly over most of the response to N. Greater postanthesis N supply resulted in a small grain yield increase and a small increase in HI. In contrast, the NHI decreased linearly for all cultivars with increasing early-season N supply. The slope and y intercepts for these regressions differed between cultivars in Year 1 due to a significant cultivar x preplant N interaction.
Late-season N addition increased or decreased the NHI depending on whether the early-season N supply limited grain yield.
Additional plant N derived from supplemental N supplied at anthesis was partitioned between grain and straw in a ratio that was predetermined by the early-season N environment. Of the individual grain, straw, or whole-plant parameters from which the NHI is calculated, the straw N concentration seems most useful for referencing the NHI in relation to grain N demand and plant N supply across diverse N regime and site environments.
Research Highlights
Design and Methods
- Three field experiments with the same design and treatments were conducted in the winter season 1986-1987.
- 2 experiments were conducted at the University of California Davis, while the third was conducted at the University of California's West Side Field Station.
- In the 1987-1988 winter season a fourth experiment was planted at the UC Davis site.
- An unfertilized cover crop of Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] at Davis and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at the West Side Field Station was planted, cut and residue was removed before wheat experiments were established.
- Year 1 experiments were arranged as a factorial combination of Yecora Rojo and Anza cultivers and five preplant N rate treatments as main plots with 4 complete block replicates.
- In year 2 'Yolo' wheat was used in a completely randomized factorial design with five replicates.
Results
- 90 to 91% of variation in plant dry matter and N at anthesis across sites and cultivars was attributed to preplant N rate.
- A dry matter yield plateau occurred with preplant N over 120 Kg N/ha.
- Grain and N yield were influenced mostly by preplant N. Mean yield of Anza was 740 kg/ha greater than for Yecora Roja, and was consistent across sites adn fertilizer-N treatments.
- The addition of 45 kg N/ha resulted in mean grain yield increases of 300 kg/ha.
- Under N limited conditions, N partitioning efficiency was greater in the Anza variety and additional N applied at anthesis only had a slight influence on NHI.
- Yield potential of Yolo in Year 2 was greater than either variety in the previous year, but total N accumulation at maturity was similar to Anza.
Additional Information
Tags (links to other subject matter in database)
Related Research in Yolo, Fresno Counties
- Local Diffusion Networks Act as Pathways to Sustainable Agriculture in the Sacramento River Valley (Butte, Colusa, Contra Costa, Glenn, Sacramento, Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo)
- Processing Tomato Production in California (Colusa, Fresno, Kings, Merced, San Joaquin, Solano, Stanislaus, Sutter, Yolo)
- Development of a Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation Model to Improve N-Use Efficiency and Alleviate Nitrate Pollution to Groundwater From Almond Orchards (Colusa, Yolo)
- Iceberg Lettuce Production in California (Contra Costa, Fresno, Imperial, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Ventura)
- Tillage and cover cropping affect crop yields and soil carbon in the San Joaquin Valley, California (Fresno)
- Subsurface drip irrigation of row crops: a review of 15 years of research at the Water Management Research Laboratory (Fresno)
- On-Farm assessment of Soil Quality in California's Central Valley (Fresno)
- Effect of Irrigation Frequency on Subsurface Drip Irrigated Vegetables (Fresno)
- Excess nitrogen raises nectarine susceptibility to disease and insects (Fresno)
- Precision overhead irrigation is suitable for several Central Valley crops (Fresno)
- Onion Growth, Yield, and Production Costs as Affected by Irrigation System (Fresno)
- Leaf Lettuce Production in California (Fresno, Kern, Kings, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz)
- Nitrogen Mineralization Potential as Influenced by Microbial Biomass, Cotton Residues and Temperature (Fresno, Kings)
- Detecting and Correcting Soil Calcium Limitations (Fresno, Monterey, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Yolo)
- Role of green waste compost in the production of N2O from agricultural soils (Fresno, Monterey, Solano)
- Quantifying the Effects of Green Waste Compost Application, Water Content and Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in 10 Agricultural Soils (Fresno, Monterey, Solano, Stanislaus, Yolo)
- Soil sampling protocol reliably estimates preplant NO3- in SDI tomatoes (Fresno, San Joaquin, Yolo)
- Calcium Fertigation Ineffective at Increasing Fruit Yield and Quality of Muskmelon and Honeydew Melons in California (Fresno, Yolo)
- Modeling shows that alternative soil management can decrease greenhouse gases (Fresno, Yolo)
- Potassium Fertilization and Diagnostic Criteria for Pistachio Trees (Glenn, Madera, Yolo)
- Effects of Potassium Fertilization on Soil Potassium Distribution and Balance in Pistachio Orchards (Madera, Yolo)
- Winter cover crops before late-season processing tomatoes for soil quality and production benefits (Sutter, Yolo)
- Reduced nitrous oxide emissions and increased yields in California tomato cropping systems under drip irrigation and fertigation (Yolo)
- Humic substances generally ineffective in improving vegetable crop nutrient uptake or productivity (Yolo)
- Precision Fertigation in Orchards: Development of a Spatially Variable Microsprinkler System (Yolo)
- Higher flexibility in input N:P ratios results in more balanced phosphorus budgets in two long-term experimental agroecosystems (Yolo)
- Assessing drivers of N2O production in California tomato cropping systems (Yolo)
- An estimation of annual nitrous oxide emissions and soil quality following the amendment of high temperature walnut shell biochar and compost to a small scale vegetable crop rotation (Yolo)
- Tightly-Coupled Plant-Soil Nitrogen Cycling: Comparison of Organic Farms across an Agricultural Landscape (Yolo)
- Nitrogen and carbon mineralization dynamics of manures and composts (Yolo)
- Who's your Farmer California? Cover cropping with Martin Burger (Yolo)
- Mustard cover crops are ineffective in suppressing soilborne disease or improving processing tomato yield (Yolo)
- Transitioning from standard to minimum tillage: Trade-offs between soil organic matter stabilization, nitrous oxide emissions, and N availability in irrigated cropping systems (Yolo)
- Tillage and seasonal emissions of CO2, N20 and NO across a seed bed and at the field scale in a Mediterranean climate (Yolo)
- Changes in soil chemical properties resulting from organic and low-input farming practices (Yolo)
- Processing Tomato Yield and Fruit Quality Improve with Potassium Fertigation (Yolo)
- Nitrogen Requirements of Drip-irrigated Processing Tomatoes (Yolo)
- Site Specific Farming Information Systems in Tomato-Based Rotation in the Sacramento Valley (Yolo)
- Cover cropping affects soil N(2)O and CO(2) emissions differently depending on type of irrigation (Yolo)
- Microbial responses and nitrous oxide emissions during wetting and drying of organically and conventionally managed soil under tomatoes (Yolo)
- The effect of nitrogen source and crop rotation on the growth and yield of processing tomatoes (Yolo)