- (Focus Area) Environment
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
So there you are, admiring your Coreopsis and suddenly you notice spots and holes--spots on the backs of two western spotted cucumber beetles, and holes cut in the petals.
Ah, there's two of them.
The beetles, about a fourth of an inch long, are fun to photograph, but they're not your buddies. Nor would they want to be!
"Cucumber beetles are very common pests in vegetable gardens and may also attack ripening stone fruit," says the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. "The most abundant species in California is the western spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata...The western spotted cucumber beetle is greenish yellow and has twelve black spots on its back."
Ever counted the spots? Yes, 12.
We've seen the beetles feeding on the leaves of flowers and many vegetables. "Cucumber beetles may also spread cucumber mosaic virus or wilts in cucurbits," UC IPM says. "Larvae feed exclusively on roots, but do not generally damage garden plants, although corn may occasionally be damaged."
Spotted cucumber beetles don't move very fast early in the morning, so they're fairly easy to photograph.
And sometimes you get a "two-fer," two in the same image. 24 spots.
![Two Western spotted cucumber beetles, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, on a Coreposis. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) Two Western spotted cucumber beetles, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, on a Coreposis. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108338.jpg)
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
Nine members of the UC Davis Animal Behavior Graduate Group (ABGG) who are active in The Ethogram will present a special outreach program, "Animal Behavior for Young Explorers," from 2:30 to 4 p.m., Monday, Aug. 19 in the Blanchard Room of the Mary L. Stephens branch of the Davis Library, 315 E. 14th Street, Davis.
It's a free, hands-on, science-communication event intended for the age group of kindergarten through eighth grade. As young explorers, they will learn why animals behave the way they do.
“There will be living and pinned animal specimens (including insects), trivia games with winners receiving small prizes, arts and crafts, and books to peruse on animal behavior," said Nicole Keough (formerly Korzeniecki), a PhD candidate in the Brian Johnson lab, UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology. She is a member of ABGG and an editor of The Ethogram, which is ABGG's official blog. Graduate students founded The Ethogram in 2014.
Attendees at the Aug. 19th event can ask scientists questions about animal behavior research. A scientist-led bird walk around the Community Park is planned, weather permitting. Keough said the displays will range from her live termites to kittens. As a doctoral candidate in the Johnson bee lab, she is interested in eusociality, host-microbe symbiosis, and social behavior. Her research focuses on "exploring the relationship between termites and their gut microbiome in the context of termite social hygienic behaviors such as allogrooming and cannibalism." Using genetic sequencing, she investigates this symbiotic relationship and identify endosymbionts with overlapping roles in termite nutrition.
The group also will show insect specimens from the Bohart Museum of Entomology, as well as live insects, including Madagascar hissing cockroaches and walking sticks, from the Bohart petting zoo.
Hosts at the Aug. 19th event will include:
- Isabelle McDonald-Gilmartin, PhD candidate and editor-in-chief of The Ethogram
- Nicole Keough, PhD candidate and editor for The Ethogram
- Siobhan Calhoun, PhD student and editor for The Ethogram
- Nicole Rodrigues, PhD candidate and editor for The Ethogram
- Sabrina Mederos, PhD candidate and editor for The Ethogram
- Jessica Schaefer, PhD candidate and editor for The Ethogram
- Kirsten Sheehy, PhD candidate and editor emeritus of The Ethogram
- Dr. Josephine Hubbard, editor emeritus of The Ethogram
- Hee Jin Chung, PhD candidate and co-chair of the Animal Behavior Graduate Group's Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee
This is a one-time event but plans may call for more outreach programs, depending on the interest, Keough said.
What is an ethogram? "Ethogram is a list or catalogue of behaviors that are being studied in animal behavior research (also known as ethology)," according to The Ethogram website. "The aim is to make scientific topics and findings more accessible to non-scientists through articles, videos, and other multimedia communication."
"The Ethogram encourages interaction between scientists and non-scientists in order to spark curiosity and passion for the study of animal behavior and general scientific research," the message continues. "Our mission is to create a platform that allows scientists to disseminate their research in approachable and exciting ways. In doing so, we also aim to train the next generation of science communicators. Using diverse narratives of animals and those who study them, we provide accessible scientific information through a variety of media types, from text to sketch to video."
Meanwhile, explore the writings and illustrations on The Ethogram blog.
Here are two of the insect sketches:
- The Honey Bee, by Nicole Rodrigues, a PhD candidate in the Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology program.
- The Bumble Bee, by Danielle Rutkowski of the Rachel Vannette and Rick Karban labs, UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology. She received her doctorate in June.
Also, Ethogram maintains an Instagram account.
![Nicole Keough leads an outreach event. As an undergraduate student, she was volunteering at a public ESL (English-as-second language) elementary school, teaching first grade students about ant physiology and anatomy. Note the large ant in front of her. Nicole Keough leads an outreach event. As an undergraduate student, she was volunteering at a public ESL (English-as-second language) elementary school, teaching first grade students about ant physiology and anatomy. Note the large ant in front of her.](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108325.jpg)
![Live termites will be shown by PhD candidate Nicole Keough at The Ethogram outreach program from 2:30 to 4 p.m., Monday, Aug. 19 in the Blanchard Room of the Mary L. Stephens branch of the Davis Library, 315 E. 14th Street, Davis. (Photo by Nicole Keough) Live termites will be shown by PhD candidate Nicole Keough at The Ethogram outreach program from 2:30 to 4 p.m., Monday, Aug. 19 in the Blanchard Room of the Mary L. Stephens branch of the Davis Library, 315 E. 14th Street, Davis. (Photo by Nicole Keough)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108326.jpg)
![Stick insects from the Bohart Museum of Entomology petting zoo will be featured at The Ethogram event from 2:30 to 4 p.m., Monday, Aug. 19 in the Blanchard Room of the Mary L. Stephens branch of the Davis Library, 315 E. 14th Street, Davis. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) Stick insects from the Bohart Museum of Entomology petting zoo will be featured at The Ethogram event from 2:30 to 4 p.m., Monday, Aug. 19 in the Blanchard Room of the Mary L. Stephens branch of the Davis Library, 315 E. 14th Street, Davis. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108327.jpg)
![This is a screen shot from The Ethogram blog. This is a screen shot from The Ethogram blog.](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108328.jpg)
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
Photographers call the first hour after dawn and the last hour before dusk "The Golden Hour."
That's when the sunlight is softer and warmer.
It's also called "The Magic Hour."
Compare that to high noon, when the sun casts such strong highlights and shadows on the subject that even images of Miss Universe and Miss America look harsh.
Now if you photograph a golden honey bee during The Golden Hour, the world looks even warmer and softer.
But use the term, Golden Hour, figuratively. As Wikipedia explains: "The term hour is used figuratively; the effect has no clearly defined duration and varies according to season and latitude. The character of the lighting is determined by the sun's altitude, and the time for the sun to move from the horizon to a specified altitude depends on a location's latitude and the time of year. In Los Angeles, California, at an hour after sunrise or an hour before sunset, the sun has an altitude of about 10–12°. For a location closer to the Equator, the same altitude is reached in less than an hour, and for a location farther from the equator, the altitude is reached in more than one hour. For a location sufficiently far from the equator, the sun may not reach an altitude of 10°, and the golden hour lasts for the entire day in certain seasons."
The honey bee (below), foraging on a blanket flower, Gaillardia, couldn't discuss Golden Hours, seasons, latitude and longitude with you. But she knows how to return to her colony (which could be five miles away) and how to communicate with the other bees. And that, too, is Golden.
![A honey bee foraging on Gaillardia during The Golden Hour in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) A honey bee foraging on Gaillardia during The Golden Hour in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108306.jpg)
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
In its larval stage, it's a pest of cole crops.
As an adult, it's like a little Cinderella.
That would be the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae.
In the fairy tale, a ragged Cinderella lives with her selfish stepmother and two mean stepsisters. Cinderella wants to attend the palace ball, but has nothing appropriate to wear. So her fairy godmother waves a magic wand and transforms her into a beautifully gowned princess, complete with glass slippers. She rides in a magnificent carriage pulled by a team of beautiful horses, dances with the prince, and at the stroke of midnight (when the magic ends), she loses a glass slipper. You know the rest. It all ends with Cinderella and the prince exchanging marriage vows and living happily after.
This butterfly appears in the spotlight every January when UC Davis emeritus professor Art Shapiro hosts his annual "Beer for a Butterfly" contest. Collect the first live butterfly of the year in the three-county area of Sacramento, Yolo and Solano and win a pitcher of beer. (See Bug Squad blog) It's all part of his scientific research long-term studies of butterfly life cycles and climate change.
Meanwhile, we see the cabbage white butterfly fluttering around the garden throughout most of the year, stopping for a little nectar here, a little nectar there.
She still reminds us of Cinderella, with a long flowing gown. Sometimes she looks a little ragged when a predator snatches part of her gown. But her magic never seems to end.
![A cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, nectaring on lavender in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) A cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, nectaring on lavender in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108305.jpg)
Welcome to the Organic Materials Management Blog! This is a place for sharing science and policy information on finding valuable uses for organic wastes in California. It's a blog so I will be a bit informal here, at least compared to refereed journal articles. I plan to include some descriptions of my projects as they develop, as well as news and technical information. I plan to write about topics as I confront them, or as they occur to me.
Now let's get busy. There is a lot to do.