Roll call of monarch caterpillars today in a milkweed bed in a Vacaville pollinator garden.

Secretary: "Caterpillar No. 1!" 
"Present."

Secretary: "Caterpillar No. 2!" 
"Present!"

Secretary: "Caterpillar No. 3!"
"Present!"

Secretary: "Caterpillar No. 4!"
"Here!"

Secretary: "Caterpillar No. 5!"
"Ditto!"

Secretary: "Roll call complete. All present and accounted for. At ease, 'cats!"

Winter begins Dec. 21, but it seems like winter right now, what with the freezing cold, rain and wind. Meanwhile, the monarch fall breeding has ended, and it's doubtful these 'cats will make it to chrysalids. 

"The suppression of reproductive diapause, which I hypothesize is due to warming in autumn, especially  at night, will spread winter breeding inland anywhere where host plants are available in winter!" observes UC Davis distinguished professor emeritus Art Shapiro of the Department of Evolution and Ecology. He's been monitoring butterfly populations in California since 1972 and maintains a research website at https://butterfly.ucdavis.edu.

How many 'cats will be present for the next roll call? 

If you like insects, macro photography, and cool calendars, you'll want to order the "World of Insects" calendar, published by the Entomological Society of America.

You'll see insects you've never seen before--and learn a little about them.

The cover image of the larva of the elm zigzag sawfly, Aproceros leucopoda (order Hymenoptera, family Argidae), native to Asia, is especially spectacular. It's the work of Christian Brockes of Germany.

"The elm zigzag sawfly is an east-Asian pest of elms (Ulmus spp), invasive in Europe since about 10 years ago and now also established in some North American regions," the ESA text relates. "The common name was inspired by the very distinctive patterns that their larvae leave on elm trees, while feeding. In large numbers, this species can critically damage elm populations. Often dozens of the tiny larvae--each only a few millimeters long--can be found on a single leaf, which they can skeletonize in a short period of time."

Scientists first detected this pest in the United States (Virginia) in 2021. Since 2022, it's been confirmed in four other states: Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Maryland and New York, according to research published in July 2023 in the Journal of Integrated Pest Management. The elm zigzag sawfly feeds exclusively on elms (Ulmus spp). It draws its name from the zizag-shaped pattern on the leaves as the larvae feed. 

ESA prides itself on publishing world-class photography.  Among the eight judges this year: Alex Wild, curator of entomology at the University of Texas and a doctoral alumnus from UC Davis. Wild studied with ant specialist Phil Ward, professor of entomology, UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology. 

ESA issues a call for photos every January, and publishes the calendar every November.  Of added interest, unselected images may appear on social media in the ESA's weekly "Arthropod Photo of the Week."  Follow "Arthropod Photo of the Week" via the #arthropodPOTW hashtag on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Mastodon.

We remember that an image of a hoverfly by UC Davis alumnus  Alexander Nguyen appeared in the 2015 World of Insects Calendar. (See UC Davis of Entomology and Nematology website.) Judges chose his photo as one of the 12 winning images from a field of 560 entries submitted by 133 photographers from multiple continents. Nguyen captured the image at the UC Davis Stebbens Cold Canyon Reserve in April 2017, using his Canon 7D camera and a MPE 65-mm lens. Senior insect biosystematist Martin Hauser of the California Department of Food and Agriculture identified the hover fly as a male Platycheirus trichopus (Thomson, 1869).

What images are in the 2024 calendar?  You'll see an ant tending treehopper nymphs, a chalcid wasp on Hemipteran eggs, stingless bees, a sunburst diving beetle, a Baltimore checkerspot butterfly, a Corsican owlfly, an ant-mimicking crab spider, a giant silk moth, an ambush bug preying on a bumble bee, a chestnut weevil, a poplar sphinx moth and an East Asian red damselfly. In addition, images that won honorable mentions share space on the calendar.

You can order the calendar here. 

The 7000-member ESA, founded in 1889 and located in Annapolis, Md., is the world's largest entomological organization. It is affiliated with educational institutions, health agencies, private industry and government. Members are researchers, teachers, extension service personnel, administrators, marketing representatives, research technicians, consultants, students, pest management professionals, and hobbyists.

Meet Sol Wantz, who serves as president of the UC Davis Entomology Club, a curator intern at the Bohart Museum of Entomology, and an undergraduate student researcher in the laboratory of pollination ecologist Neal Williams, a UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology professor.

Ask her why people should be interested in insects, and she'll tell you. There's no "yecch" factor here: just the "ahh!" and "wow" factors.

Which is as it should be!

"First of all, bugs are just really cool!" says Sol, in her third year as an entomology major. "Second, they are extremely important in just about every aspect of life, even if most people don't like to think about that. Just as an example, almost all the food we eat was either directly or indirectly insect-pollinated. Fruits are obvious, but even all the meat we eat comes from animals that ate plants that were pollinated by insects. My field of study, wild bees, is especially important in this exact context because they cannot pollinate every crop. For example, alfalfa and tomatoes are two of our most common crops that cannot be pollinated by honey bees."

Sol, who grew up in the Bay Area community of Belmont, is the first entomologist in her family. "My parents and brother all love insects, but I am the only one hoping to make a career out of entomology. My dad is a forensic economist, my mom is a photographer, and my brother works as a distributor in the car wash industry."

What sparked her interest in entomology? 

"My parents were extremely interested in all kinds of 'creepy crawlies.' Growing up, we had 13 snakes, 3 tarantulas, lizards, giant millipedes…if you name it, we probably had it! Since insects were such an important presence in my childhood, I've always found them both interesting and comforting. When I was only 6 years old I learned that entomology could be job, and that's when I decided I wanted to be a professional entomologist when I grew up."

The UC Davis Entomology Club draws about 25 people to its weekly meetings, held on Thursdays at 6 p.m. in 122 Briggs Hall. (See Instagram account). "But this quarter a few of our meetings have had 40-plus," Sol said. "Every week, I lead a bug-themed activity, which ranges from professional pinning demos, guest speakers, and arboretum field trips, to movie nights, bug-themed trivia, and show-and-tell nights. At least once or twice a quarter, we do an overnight camping trip in Pope Valley to look for bugs. This fall, our camping trip had 25 insect-enthusiasts, which was a ton of fun but definitely a hassle for me to plan!"

Sol is passionate about her research. In the Williams lab, she is working on a project led by graduate student Elizabeth Reyes-Gallegos that is focused on comparing the functional traits of wild bees to floral functional traits. "Early this quarter, we finished our first field season sampling at plots at the Bee Biology Facility (Harry H. Laidlaw Jr. Honey Bee Research Facility on Bee Biology Road), so we are still in the early stages of the project," Sol said. "Since spring quarter, I have been working very closely with just about every bee we have collected because I have been dissecting their proboscises as well as pinning and labeling them. Because I have worked so closely with the bees' 'tongues,' I will be branching off slightly from Elizabeth's main focus to look for intraspecific variation in tongue lengths and body size. Currently, I am working closely with Elizabeth and Neal to fully flesh out this project."

"As for how I began working on this project, I joined the Williams Lab because I was interested in ecology and conservation since there are very few arthropod conservation efforts," Sol said. "I was initially drawn to Elizabeth's project because it was pretty field-intensive, which I have always enjoyed. As the project has progressed, I have found that I also enjoy microscope work, especially microdissection. Although we are still quite far away from an overall project outcome, I am excited to take the next steps, which in the immediate future will be identifying and photographing each specimen."

At the Bohart Museum, Sol is involved in general curation: pinning, labeling and integrating specimens into the collections. She is currently organizing the Orthoptera collection, which includes grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets. And she's beginning species identification of katydids (Tettigoniidae).

Sol is a fixture at the Bohart Museum open houses. "I started volunteering with the Bohart in winter of 2022 at the Biodiversity Museum Day," she related. "In the months following that, I became a regular volunteer at their outreach events. This was also before I became president of the Entomology Club, but during that time I was helping out as much as I could with various club outreach opportunities, like birthday parties or campus festivals. In July of 2022, the Bohart hired me as an undergraduate intern and I have been working there ever since!"

Another project: Sol is spearheading the Bohart Museum's open house on "Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids," from 1 to 4 p.m., Sunday, March 3 in Room 1124 of the Academic Surge Building, 455 Crocker Lane, UC Davis campus. (See Bohart Museum schedule)

How would she describe herself to a stranger? "I am an ambitious, hard-working, and outgoing future career entomologist with a special interest in wild bees and katydids. I love to explore the outside looking for bugs, and have dreams of traveling the world for that very purpose. When I don't have insects on my mind, I like to spend my time playing violin, drawing, and surrounding myself with my friends and family."

She's played the violin for about 11 years; in high school she volunteered to teach fourth and fifth graders how to play the instrument.

Sol is glad she chose UC Davis to study entomology. "Overall, I really like how UC Davis is inclusive and welcoming. I also love that we have the arboretum, which has some really great places to find bugs. And of course, I'm especially glad that entomology is a major here and I absolutely love the little entomologist community we've built."

From a childhood loving insects to a senior majoring in entomology at UC Davis, to a researcher studying wild bees to a curator working in the Orthoptera collection at the Bohart Museum, what's next? 

"After I graduate from UC Davis, I would like to go to graduate school and study systematics," Sol related. "Although I am also extremely interested in ecology, I have developed an interest in systematics and museum work over the last year. Ultimately, I think I would like to become a professor of entomology and maybe someday run my own lab."

Professor Sol Wantz...That has a nice ring to it! 

We are saddened to hear of the death of Peter "Kim" Flottum, longtime editor of Bee Culture magazine, a friend of the nation's beekeepers and bee scientists, and a close friend of the UC Davis bee community.

A resident of Medina, Ohio, Kim died Sunday, Dec. 10 at his home of lung cancer at age 76. He served as editor of Bee Culture for 33 years, retiring in 2019. He authored numerous books and podcasts, including "5000 Years of Beekeeping in 24 Minutes (100)" with Jim Tew on Honey Bee Obscura.

We remember his talk at the 2021 California Honey Festival.

"If you want to be a beekeeper, you must think like a bee, not like a beekeeper," he related.

As a descendant of generations of beekeepers, I asked Kim why folks should keep bees. They "provide essential pollination, improve the genetics of the wild bee population in the area, ensure native plant populations," he said, "and because there is absolutely nothing more calming, soothing, enjoyable than being a part of that civilization, right in your backyard."

We remember when Kim addressed the 2017 Western Apicultural Society's 40th annual conference, held at UC Davis, where it was founded. He predicted that the nation's 250,000 beekeepers (who manage around 4 million colonies) will turn into a million beekeepers in five years.

Kim applauded "the incredible rise of new beekeepers in the last 10 years." 

"The urban, suburban and country beekeepers are younger than the norm and we have more women beekeepers than ever,"  Kim told the crowd. "This isn't like the 1970s Green Movement--I'm old enough to remember that. It's got legs! But watch out for an ugly urban disaster like a major bee spill or bad honey recall." 

Beekeepers are becoming more and more diverse, specializing in honey production, pollination services and queen bee breeding, he said, and pollination services and queen bee breeding are the most profitable. Honey, not so much.

"If I'm in beekeeping, pollination services is a sure bet," he said. "Beekeepers now get 200 bucks a colony for almond pollination in California. Pollination is more profitable than honey. Bee breeding? Queens can sell for as much as $40 or $50."

"In the United States,  we eat on the average 1.2 pounds a year, but in Canada, it's 2.5 or 2.4 pounds." He lamented that unsafe and/or questionable honey from China floods our nation's supermarkets and is being sold at undercut prices. (Some statistics indicate that a "third or more of all the honey consumed in the U.S. is likely to have been smuggled in from China and may be tainted with illegal antibiotics and heavy metals"--Food Safety News.)

It's important for American beekeepers to label their honey "Made in America" or localize it by city or state, Kim said. 

He also touched on such issues as honey bee health, nutrition, loss of habitat, poor quality forage, and pesticides.

The varroa mite/virus is the No. 1 problem for beekeepers, he said. "Other stressers include nutrition, nosema, pesticides...All of these can be fixed with money, increased diversity of bee stock, and a move away from both ag and in-hive legal and illegal chemicals."

Extension apiculturist emeritus Eric Mussen (1944-2022), serving his sixth term as president of WAS in 2017, commented at the time: "Kim Flottum has been a stalwart in U.S. beekeeping for decades. He ferrets out information on national, regional, and local beekeeping happenings and disseminates the news in various places, depending upon his role at the time.  He has been associated with the A.I. Root Company; Gleanings in Bee Culture, and now editor of Bee Culture magazine.  He is very active in the Eastern Apicultural Society and is well known by nearly every University and USDA scientist in the country.  Kim consolidates all that information into some really interesting presentations in which he is not known for concealing his opinions."

Kim Flottum received his bachelor's degree in horticulture production from the University of Wisconsin and then worked as a researcher at the USDA Honey Bee Research Lab in Madison, where he specialized in crop pollination, pesticide problems with honey bees, and "honey plants" for the home landscape.

His career took him to Connecticut. He was elected president of Connecticut Beekeepers' Association. He served as  publications manager and editor of Gleanings In Bee Culture, A. I. Root's monthly beekeeping magazine. He created a new magazine, BEEKeeping, Your First Three Years. He also served as president of the Ohio State Beekeepers' Association. He continued to keep bees in his backyard in Medina up until his death.

The son of the late Arnold and Edna Flottum of Turtle Lake, Wisc., Kim is survived by his wife, Kathy, of Medina; a daughter, Jessica of Akron; two stepsons, Matt and Grant Summers, both of Medina; and two brothers and two sisters, all from Wisconsin: Julie (Flottum) Hugg of Ashland; Bob Flottum of Chippewa Falls; Susan Flottum Zurcher of Wales; and Tom Flottum of Turtle Lake.  A  celebration of life is planned next spring. (See obituary)

A post on his Facebook page said simply: "RIP, Kim Flottum, you will be missed by all beekeepers."

And the bees.  

His passion for bees, his wisdom about all things bees, his generosity,  and his kindness, will never be forgotten.