- Author: Michelle M Leinfelder-Miles
This was a non-replicated evaluation; therefore, no statistical analysis is presented (Table 1). Stand counts were made approximately two weeks after planting on April 9th. The stand was assessed as the number of plants per two-foot length. Twelve replicate counts were averaged. In early May, we observed that Sutter and advanced lines 102, 104, and 110 had slightly earlier flowering than UC 27 and advanced lines 94, 95, and 96 (Fig. 1). We are interested in knowing whether the advanced lines have tolerance to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight, but no diseases were observed at this location.
We harvested on July 25th. The plots in their entirety were combined and weighed. At harvest, the grower observed that lines 104 and 110 had an upright growth habit that made them easier to harvest. We measured harvest moisture on three subsamples, which were averaged for the summary table below, and we evaluated 100-seed weight as a measure of seed size, averaging five subsamples. In previous evaluations of these advanced lines at UC Davis, they have had higher yield and larger seed size than the industry standard varieties, and that held true at the San Joaquin County site this year.
We would like to thank the cooperating grower and bean warehouse; the CA Crop Improvement Association for funding regional trials; and the CA Dry Bean Advisory Board for assistance with statewide research prioritization and assistance with outreach.
- Author: Michelle Leinfelder-Miles
UC Davis and UC Cooperative Extension will host the UC Dry Bean Field Day on Thursday, August 15, 2024 from 9:30am to 11:45am. The field day will begin at the Agronomy Field Headquarters (2400 Hutchison Drive) on the UC Davis campus. From the Agronomy Field Headquarters, follow the UCCE sandwich board signs to the field location. Look for the pop-up tents. The agenda is pasted below, and a downloadable version is attached to the bottom of this post. DPR continuing education (1.0) is pending. CCA continuing education credits have been approved (1.0 Crop Management, 1.0 Pest Management). Light refreshments will be provided. Thanks for your interest, and we hope to see you at the field day!
Agenda:
9:15am Arrival and sign-in
9:30am Welcome and introductions: Christine Diepenbrock and Antonia Palkovic, UC Davis; Michelle Leinfelder-Miles, UC Cooperative Extension
9:35am Developing breeding resources to improve lima bean adaptation and quality: Christine Diepenbrock and Paul Gepts, UC Davis
9:40am Seed and culinary traits in limas and evaluation of the USDA lima collection: Jaclyn Adaskaveg, UC Davis; Sarah Dohle, USDA-ARS
9:55am Improving heat tolerance in grain legumes (with use of sensors and 3-D models): Sassoum Lo, Heesup Yun, and Earl Ranario, UC Davis
10:05am Choosing varieties for pest resistance, high yields, and high quality – regional trial results: Michelle Leinfelder-Miles and Nick Clark, UC Cooperative Extension
10:20am Cowpea breeding for California: Bao-Lam Huynh, UC Riverside
10:35am Travel to Bee Biology Road
10:45am Lima and chickpea breeding for California: Antonia Palkovic and Christine Diepenbrock, UC Davis
11:00am In-field agronomic evaluation of lima lines for culinary testing: Antonia Palkovic and Jaclyn Adaskaveg, UC Davis
11:10am Genotypic and environmental variation in nutritional traits in common bean: Tayah Bolt, UC Davis
11:15am Improving chickpea for aluminum tolerance and more effective nitrogen fixation: Laura Perilla-Hanao, Ali Said, and Douglas Cook, UC Davis
11:25am Defending lima beans from lygus bugs: breeding and emerging technologies: Kimberly Gibson, UC Merced (alumna of UC Davis)
11:40am Discussion and evaluation
2024-8-15 Dry Bean Field Day Agenda FINAL
- Author: Michelle Leinfelder-Miles
Figure 2 shows monitoring data since 2016 when I began trapping in the Delta. Data are expressed as moths caught per day, averaged across all nine Delta traps. Notice the large arrow indicating the 2024 trend line and how it compares to previous years. While this year appears to be a high-population year, I have noticed variability among the sites where we trap. At one of the three locations, the population peaked at only 9 moths per day, but at the other two locations, the populations peaked at over 40 moths per day. Therefore, it's important to get into the field and look for feeding damage before making a treatment decision.
We reached the peak moth flight last week. Our years of monitoring experience indicates that, if treatment thresholds are met, the optimum time to spray is between one to two weeks after the peak population. So, this would be the week to check your fields for feeding damage and treat as necessary. Please don't hesitate to reach out to me if you have any questions about the IPM guidelines or would like to further discuss this work.
- Author: Michelle Leinfelder-Miles
With funding from the CDFA Healthy Soils Program and CA Rice Research Board, we are evaluating how well different cover crop species establish, provide soil coverage, affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics, and/or impact rice yield in subsequent growing seasons. Since rice may be grown over multiple seasons without rotation, cover crops may provide an opportunity to introduce plant diversity, including nitrogen-fixing legumes. Other potential benefits include increasing soil organic matter, reducing nitrogen loss in the winter, reducing nitrogen inputs during the rice season, and improving rice straw decomposition. While evaluating winter cover crops in the rice system is the primary purpose of the trial, the project has relevance for other annual systems where winter cover cropping may be employed.
The trial took place on Staten Island. We planted the cover crops on November 13th by hand-broadcasting seed over 200-ft2 plots and then gently raking it in. We planted 10 single species and two mixes (Tables 1-2). Each treatment was replicated four times, and the graphs below illustrate cover crop stands over the season (Figs. 1-4).
Table 1. Cover crop species and seeding rates. Table 2. Cover crop mixes and seeding rates.
The 2023-24 winter season started off dry, which worked well for cover crop sowing and establishment. The site received approximately 0.2” of rain within a week of planting and about 0.4” by mid-December. The brassicas emerged quickly and started covering the soil after just one month. More frequent storms started in late December, and the project field was adjacent to fields that were winter-flooded. The combination of rain plus seepage from flooded fields meant the project field stayed quite wet after the new year. The data show that the brassicas did not tolerate the wet conditions, and their stands diminished over time. The two vetches and balansa clover started off slowly but had vigorous stands by early spring, despite the wet conditions. While the bell bean did not provide extensive coverage, it survived the wet conditions and was prominent in the plots. We observed that the grass cover crops (i.e. rye, oats) suffered from bird feeding. Based on our experiences and preliminary data, we share the following ‘lessons learned':
- Timing of operations is critical. Growers should strive to plant winter cover crops as early as conditions allow (e.g. early to mid-November). Drill seeding is more effective (i.e. better stand establishment) than flying on and harrowing in seed.
- Stand establishment is impacted by conditions outside the control of the manager (i.e. weather, herbivory). If neighboring fields will be winter-flooded, having drainage ditches between fields will help cover crop growth.
The project will continue through 2025, and in addition to the Delta site, we are also trialing cover crops in Colusa and Butte counties. Please don't hesitate to reach out if you would like to learn more information about this project.
- Author: Michelle Leinfelder-Miles
The trial was planted in a field of CB46, and fertility and pests were managed by the grower in the same manner as the field. Data are presented in Table 1. Stand counts were made approximately two weeks after planting on July 20th. The stand was assessed as the number of plants per two-foot length. Twelve replicate counts were averaged. We evaluated aphid and lygus damage on September 8th, which were low due to the grower's management. For lygus, we took 10 sweeps from four locations in each plot and counted the lygus. Data were averaged and are presented as a 10-sweep count. For aphids, we used a rating scale from 0 to 10 that accounted for visible crown damage and aphid incidence. In addition to the in-field assessment of lygus, we also evaluated harvest samples for stings and found that, on average, about 1.2 percent of the beans had lygus damage. No diseases were observed.
We harvested on November 6th. All six rows of each variety were cut and raked into one windrow. At the time of cutting, the grower observed that CB77 plants were laying flat, but they were laying in such a way that the knives still picked up the plants. The grower also observed that CB74 had an upright growth habit that could potentially make it a variety viable for swather cutting. We evaluated 100-seed weight as a measure of seed size, evaluating five 100-seed samples per variety.
We would like to thank the cooperating grower, the CA Crop Improvement Association for funding regional trials, and the CA Dry Bean Advisory Board for assistance with statewide research prioritization and assistance with outreach.
Table 1. 2023 Blackeye Bean Variety Evaluation Results