Rootstocks
Rootstock Details by Vigor : Semidwarf
Controller 7
Other Names
HBOK 32
Species
Prunus persica
Origin
USDA, cross by Craig Ledbetter – Harrow Blood x Okinawa
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Poor
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Ring Nematode
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
A semi-dwarfing rootstock from the UC rootstock breeding program. It has performed well in the first three years of the 2009 NC-140 peach rootstock trial.
References
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Controller 8
Other Names
HBOK 10
Species
Prunus persica
Origin
USDA, cross by Craig Ledbetter – Harrow Blood x Okinawa
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Poor
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
A recent introduction from the UC rootstock breeding program. It has performed well in the first three years of the 2009 NC-140 peach rootstock trial.
References
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Controller 9
Other Names
P30-135
Species
Prunus salicina x Prunus persica
Origin
USDA, cross by David Ramming
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Only slightly less vigorous than Nemaguard. Makes a similar size tree, but with less water sprouts.
Waterlogging Tolerance
Unknown
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Unknown
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Normal
Flower Timing
Normal
Flower Density
Normal
Cold Hardiness
No
Rootknot Nematode
Susceptible
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Slightly dwarfing rootstock from the California breeding program that is compatible with peach and nectarine with no suckering. Trees have been productive with good fruit size. Nematode tests (Nematode Table) show root-knot and ring suseptibilty, but better resistance to lesion nematode than Nemaguard. Performed poorly in bacterial canker field site (Bacterial Canker Report 2006).
References
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Damas 1869
Other Names
GF 1869
Species
Prunus domestica x Prunus spinosa
Origin
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Unknown
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Unknown
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Lots
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Extreme suckering, more than any other rootstock
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Unknown
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
Unknown
Rootknot Nematode
Unknown
Lesion Nematode
Unknown
Ring Nematode
Partly resistant
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Unknown
Phytophthora
Resistant or tolerant
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Only one of many rootstocks tested that has shown resistance to Phytophthora
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Extensive suckering is a problem. Otherwise it performed OK in the 1984 NC-140 rootstock trial, although fruit size was small.
References
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Empyrean 101
Other Names
Adesoto 101
Species
Prunus insititia
Origin
Spain
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Lots
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
In the 2002 NC-140 trial, this rootstock had 60 suckers per tree in California. Most other sites had much less.
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Advanced
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
No
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Susceptible
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
Resistant to root-knot nematode. Reported to be partly resistant to lesion nematode, but California studies showed it very susceptible. (Nematode Table)
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Highly susceptible to bacterial canker in South Carolina.
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Propagates by hardwood cutting and micropropagation.
Summary Comments
Performed OK in the 2002 NC-140 trial, except for excessive suckering.
References
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Empyrean 2
Other Names
Penta
Species
Prunus domestica
Origin
Rome, Italy
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Reports from Italy state it to be compatible with plum and apricot
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Normal
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
No
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
In Europe it is reported to be partly resistant to ring nematode, but California studies (Nematode Table) have shown it to be very susceptible.
Bacterial Canker
Unknown
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Easily propagated by hardwood cuttings and by micropropagation
Summary Comments
This rootstock has looked promising in NC-140 trials. It has survived well and been productive. However, it is a smaller tree than reported from Italy and it appears to be very susceptible to ring nematode, so it could be highly susecptible to bacterial canker as well.
References
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Hiawatha
Other Names
Species
Open pollinated seedling of Prunus besseyi x Prunus salicina hybrid
Origin
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Compatibility with Plum
Suckering
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Partly resistant
Nematode Explanations
Performed well in California nematode trials (Nematode Table)
Bacterial Canker
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
Initially, Hiawatha looked promising as a semi dwarfing rootstock with nematode resistance (see Screening Rootstocks 1993 and 2001 NC-140 trial). However, further testing showed it to be quite variable in performance and is therefore no longer available from commercial nurseries.
References
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Ishtara
Other Names
Ferciana
Species
(P. cerasifera x P. salicina) x (P.cersifera x P. persica)
Origin
France
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Good
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
In Italy, it is reported to maintain good fruit size, even when grown in calcareous soils
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Susceptible
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Susceptible
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
In the 1994 NC-140 rootstock trial (California did not participate), Ishtara was reported to be very susceptible to bacterial canker and Armillaria.
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
References
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Mirobac
Other Names
Rootpac-R
Species
Prunus cerasifera x Prunus dulcis (plum x almond)
Origin
Agrimillora nursery in Spain
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Compatibility with Plum
Suckering
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Anchorage
Precocity
Fruit Ripening
Flower Timing
Flower Density
Cold Hardiness
Rootknot Nematode
Lesion Nematode
Ring Nematode
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Phytophthora
Armillaria
Crown Gall
Disease Explanations
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
This rootstock comes from Spain and is very new to the United States. After 3 years in the 2009 NC-140 trial, it is semidwarfing and appears to be compatible with Redhaven peach. In the 4th year (2012), fruit size was very small. It is reported to be resistant to rootknot nematodes and tolerant of calcareous soils and water logged conditions.
References
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Mr.S. 2/5
Other Names
Species
Not certain - could be Prunus cerasifera x Prunus spinosa or Prunus domestica x Prunus spinosa
Origin
Pisa, Italy
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Good
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Good
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Some
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Unknown
Anchorage
Good
Precocity
Precocious
Fruit Ripening
Advanced
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
No
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Susceptible
Ring Nematode
Susceptible
Nematode Explanations
Bacterial Canker
Resistant or tolerant
Phytophthora
Partly resistant
Armillaria
Partly resistant
Crown Gall
Resistant or tolerant
Disease Explanations
Several scientific studies show this rootstock to be resistant to some diseases such as bacterial canker and crown gall. However, in the California 2002 NC-140 trial, several trees died suddenly in the middle of the season, probably from a disease.
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Easy to propagate by layering, hardwood cuttings and micropropagation
Summary Comments
In Europe, it is reported to tolerate calcareous soils, waterlogging and several soil pests and diseases. However, it was not very impressive in the 2002 NC-140 trial - 3 of the 8 trees died suddenly in one year and suckering was a little excessive.
References
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Pumiselect
Other Names
Rhenus 2
Species
Prunus pumila
Origin
Germany
Vigor
Semidwarf
Vigor Explanation
Waterlogging Tolerance
Poor
Waterlogging Explanation
Calcareous Soil Tolerance
Poor
Compatibility with Peach and Nectarine
Good
Compatibility with Plum
Unknown
Suckering
Little or none
Explanations for calcareous soil tolerance - compatiblities - suckering
Drought Tolerance
Good
Anchorage
Poor
Precocity
Unknown
Fruit Ripening
Unknown
Flower Timing
Unknown
Flower Density
Unknown
Cold Hardiness
Yes
Rootknot Nematode
Resistant or tolerant
Lesion Nematode
Partly resistant
Ring Nematode
Partly resistant
Nematode Explanations
In California trials (Nematode Table), this rootstock was resistant to root-knot nematodes, similar to Nemaguard in lesion susceptibility and between Nemaguard and Lovell in ring nematode susceptibility.
Bacterial Canker
Resistant or tolerant
Phytophthora
Unknown
Armillaria
Unknown
Crown Gall
Unknown
Disease Explanations
Survived well in a severe bacterial canker site in South Carolina
Other Diseases
Availability from Nurseries
Propagation Methods
Summary Comments
This rootstock did not perform well in the 2001 NC-140 trial. It had small fruit size every year and a couple of trees died from unknown causes.
References
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