- Author: Ben Faber
Avocado is a fruit tree that is notable for its sensitivity to cold. There are tropical varieities that are very sensitive to cold most notably many of the varieties that are of a West Indian origin. The subtropical varieites that are grown in California are of Mexican and Guatemalan origin or hybrids of these two subraces. ‘Hass' is a variety that has genetic origins of both of these subraces. Mexican origin typically have more cold tolerance than Guatemalan sources. Mexicans can often sustain cold down to the mid-20 deg F for a few hours when trees are mature. Young trees can sustain short periods under 30 deg but can be severely damaged or killed for prolonged times (more than 2 hours). Temperature and duration are not the only factors for determining damage potential. Humidity, wind and surrounding environments (proximity to open water, enclosed areas with reflective heat, etc.) are also important factors.
We know from experience that some varieites of Mexican origin are more cold tolerant than other varieites, some being able to the very low 20's for prolonged periods are survive. They may not produce fruit the following year because all the fruiting wood may be killed, but they will still come back. Varieties like ‘Bacon, ‘Zutano', ‘Stewart', ‘Susan' and even ‘Fuerte' are notable for their greater cold tolerance than ‘Hass'. They may not have the same eating and shipping qualities as ‘Hass' so they will not be commercialized on the scale that ‘Hass' has. But some people like these lower oil content fruit.
It recently came to my attention that there are some low chill avocado varieties that were selected in Texas where winter temperatures are usually killing for most of the avocado varieites we have have. Texas has a much smaller acreage of avocados than California and even Hawaii. So small (under 500 acres) that yields are not recorded for this crop. Most of the trees are backyard trees that have much more protected environments than a normal orchard setting. No really systematic data has been collected on their cold tolerance, but word-of-mouth has identified several varieties that might be cold tolerant. These are ‘Holland', 'Wilma', ‘Joey, ‘Fantastic', ‘Lila' and ‘Poncho'. They may not be the best tasting (that is in the opinion of the taster, as always), the best shipping (thin skinned and damage easily), or hang on the tree for a long period of time, but may make for a good backyard tree in colder environments. There has been no systematic study to determine if and which of these varieties might be more cold tolerant that those that we already are growing in California. Desperate gardeners might find them worth growing in marginal environments.
The avocado as an evergreen subtropical will never likely be a commercial tree in Canada (greenhouses?) but there may be more cold tolerance in the species than we normally associate with the crop. For a description of some of the characteristics of the Texas industry see the bulletin: http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/fruit-nut/files/2015/04/avocados_2015.pdf .
- Author: Ben Faber
As summer continues to heat up, keep in mind that regulations remain in effect to reduce the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be emitted into the atmosphere by pesticides and other harmful chemicals and contribute to the amount of ozone or smog in the environment.
Calculators from the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) that determine the VOC emissions from fumigant and non-fumigant pesticides before application are available to help growers, pest control advisers, and pesticide applicators comply with the regulations. The UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program provides a link to these calculators from each of the treatment tables in the UC Pest Management Guidelines. Click on the Air Quality – Calculate emissions button.
Take steps to reduce VOCs. Avoid emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations as they release the highest VOC emissions. Pesticide control advisers and growers can also reduce VOC emissions by employing IPM practices such as using resistant varieties, traps, exclusion, and biological control. When using pesticides, spot-treat and seek low-emission materials. Solid formulations, such as granules or powders, are best.
Check the fact sheet on the DPR web site for the most up-to-date-information on VOC restrictions and regulations.
- Author: Ben Faber
California is suffering historic drought conditions. The information on this webpage offers farmers and ranchers links to valuable resources, carried out by researchers and specialists, on a vast array of issues they are facing during this extremely dry and difficult year. For general drought information please click on the links below.
For drought issues with a particular crop, please see the left navigation buttons where you will find resources for your specific agricultural needs.
UC ANR California Institute for Water Resources Drought Information
http://ciwr.ucanr.edu/California_Drought_Expertise/
UC Davis Rangeland Watershed Laboratory Managing Drought http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu/main/drought.html#RancherPerspectives
Coping with Declining Groundwater Levels
CIMIS Drought Tips
View film excerpts from University of California Researchers and Academics on a large variety of expert water and drought topics
Insights: Water and Drought Online Seminar Series
Irrigation Scheduling Tools
UC Drought Management-Evapotranspiration Scheduling
Soil Moisture Monitoring
UC Drought Management-Soil Moisture Monitoring
Extension- Soil Moisture Sensors
Drought Strategies
Irrigation Scheduling during a Drought
- Author: Ben Faber
California agriculture experienced a nearly three percent increase in the sales value of its products in 2012. The state's 80,500 farms and ranches received a record $44.7 billion for their output last year, up from $43.3 billion in 2011 and $37.9 billion during 2010. California remained the number one state in cash farm receipts with 11.3 percent of the US total. The state accounted for 15 percent of national receipts for crops and 7.1 percent of the US revenue for livestock and livestock products. Exports totaled $18.18 billion in value which represents an eight percent increase over the previous year.
California's agricultural abundance includes more than 400 commodities. The state produces nearly half of US-grown fruits, nuts and vegetables. Across the nation, US consumers regularly purchase several crops produced solely in California.
California's top-ten valued commodities for 2012 are:
- Milk — $6.9 billion
- Grapes — $4.449 billion
- Almonds — $4.347 billion
- Nursery plants — $3.543 billion
- Cattle, Calves — $3.299 billion
- Strawberries — $1.939 billion
- Lettuce — $1.448 billion
- Walnuts — $1.349 billion
- Hay — $1.237 billion
- Tomatoes — $1.170 billion
Please see complete statistics for 2012, reproduced as PDF files below, or use the link in the right column to access this report and others on the NASS website.
- Author: Ben Faber
Date: December 13, 2013
Time: 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Contact: Anita Hunt
Sponsor: Lindcove Research & Extension Center
Location: 22963 Carson Ave, Exeter, CA 93221, USA
Citrus growers and other Ag professionals are invited to attend the University of California, Lindcove Research and Extension Center Annual Citrus Fruit Display and Tasting on Friday December 13th starting at 9:00 A.M. During the Citrus Fruit Display day, you can see and taste more than 100 citrus varieties that are grown at Lindcove.
Education Building Activities 9 am - Noon
•Taste fruit at your leisure
Walking tour starts at 10 am
•Tour the Citrus Clonal Protection facilities that produce budwood with Dr. Georgios Vidalakis.
•View the action of the new fruit grading system in the packline that provides researchers with detailed information about fruit size, weight and quality demonstrated by Don Cleek
•Tour the demonstration orchard with Dr. Tracy Kahn who will discuss new citrus varieties
Directions: Take Highway 198 east to Mehrten Drive (approximately 15 miles) and follow the signs to our Event. The University of Lindcove Research and Extension Center is located at 22963 Carson Avenue Exeter, CA. The Education Building is located at the end of Carson Avenue. If you have any questions please contact Anita Hunt at 559-592-2408 Ext 151.