- Author: Michelle Krespi
I've seen Chinese Ground Orchids in my garden before but this year they're extra glorious which inspired me to blog about them. Honesty, before I moved into my house which I bought from an Asian gardener I had never seen nor heard of a “ground orchid.” With these last few years of extraordinary rainfall it seems like they have exploded in my garden, much to my delight!
Bletilla striata is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae. It is native to Korea, Japan, Myanmar, Tibet and China. It is quite often found growing in clumps along grassy slopes with sandy soil.[1] It is a terrestrial orchid (meaning one that grows in the ground) as opposed to epiphytic orchids that live in tree branches and lithophytic orchids that live in the cracks of rocks.[2] To the right is the clump of orchids that emerged in my garden in this early spring.[3]
This easy to care for, hardy orchid was awarded the prestigious Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society. It grows in clumps reaching 12” to 18” in height and 6” to 12” in width, spreading by creeping rhizomes.[4] It's ideal growing conditions include organically rich, medium moisture, loamy well-drained soil in part shade and part sun, (morning sun and afternoon shade.) This particular orchid is considered the hardiest and was the first one cultivated. Amend the soil with well-composted material prior to planting. After that you can limit fertilization to a less potent, balanced fertilizer, applied once a month. Stop fertilizing and watering when the orchid goes dormant. You can resume when you start seeing new growth in the spring. It is also important to deadhead the spent blooms so the energy can be redirected to the roots for the following years flowers.[5]
If you want to transplant this orchid it is best to wait until it's through flowering but before it enters dormancy. During this period the orchid will have leaves but no flowers. If you try transplanting during it's flowering season the flowers will fall off early! It will also need routine pruning every year especially when the leaves die down to the ground. This will make way for new growth in the spring. In my garden they sprung up this month in greater numbers which was my reward for taking care of them during the year.
In summation this hardy orchid is a garden must. They grow in the soil, can remain outdoors year round (as long as the temperature doesn't drop below freezing), have few pest problems, are relatively low maintenance and are beautiful when in bloom! Try it, you'll like it!!
[1] Wikipedia- Bletilla striata
[2] www.sciencedirect.com- Physiological diversity of orchids
[3] All photos were taken by the author from her garden
[4] Definition of a rhizome- a rootlike, often thickened and usually horizontal underground plant stem that produces shoots above and roots below. Rhizomes store food for the plant and transport water and nutrient to other parts of the plant. Also called a creeping root stalk.
[5] Gardening Know How- Hardy Orchid Plants: Growing Hardy Orchids in the Garden
- Author: Michael Hsu
Detection of fungus causing red leaf blotch spurs call for grower vigilance
Symptoms of red leaf blotch (RLB), a plant disease caused by the fungus Polystigma amygdalinum, have been observed for the first time in California across the Northern San Joaquin Valley.
Molecular DNA testing by the laboratory of Florent Trouillas, University of California Cooperative Extension fruit and nut crop pathology specialist, has confirmed the detection of P. amygdalinum. Formal pest confirmation by the California Department of Food and Agriculture is pending.
The disease, named for the characteristic orange-to-dark red blotches that appear on infected leaves, is typically nonlethal for trees but has been a long-standing problem for almond-growing regions across the Mediterranean. Causing trees to lose their leaves prematurely, the fungal pathogen can significantly diminish crop yields in the current year and the next.
“It is one of the most severe diseases of almonds for Spain and the Middle East,” said Trouillas, who co-authored an explanatory article on the UCCE San Joaquin Valley Trees and Vines blog.
With symptomatic trees seen in multiple orchards across Madera, Merced, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties, Trouillas said RLB is already “somewhat widespread.”
“From the first observations so far, it seems like it affects some of the most-planted cultivars, like Nonpareil and Monterey,” he added. “We've observed it in a diversity of cultivars already.”
UC Cooperative Extension specialist urges taking preventive measures
According to Trouillas, RLB caused by P. amygdalinum is “highly specific” to almond trees, and generally only affects their leaves. Infection typically happens at petal fall, when small leaflets are first emerging and most susceptible to disease. After the pathogen's latent period of about 35 to 40 days, the first symptoms appear – small, pale-yellow spots on both sides of the leaves.
Those blotches become yellow-orange and then reddish-brown in the advanced stages of the disease during June and July. Now, with RLB symptoms becoming more prominent, Trouillas and UC Cooperative Extension advisors across the Central Valley have seen an uptick in calls.
“PCAs [pest control advisers] have been confused because they've never seen anything like this,” said Trouillas, noting that the yellow-orange-red blotches are symptoms unique to RLB and cannot be confused with other known almond diseases.
Applying fungicides after RLB symptoms appear is ineffective, Trouillas said. The best thing growers can do at this point is to report symptomatic trees to researchers so they can track the prevalence and distribution of the disease.
Growers who see signs of this new disease in their orchard should contact their local UC Cooperative Extension farm advisor.
Preventive measures are the best way to manage RLB, Trouillas said. He urges concerned growers to think ahead to next winter/spring and plan for fungicide applications at petal fall and – if rains persist – also at two weeks and five weeks after petal fall. Fortunately, those are the same three key timings for managing other diseases, like shot hole and almond anthracnose.
“Because RLB is something that is introduced and potentially aggressive, it will be important for growers to keep that in mind next year and be on schedule for next year's spraying program,” Trouillas said.
Additional information on RLB can be found at https://www.sjvtandv.com/blog/first-detection-of-red-leaf-blotch-a-new-disease-of-almond-in-california.
/h3>/h3>- Author: Stephen Dampier
Several years back, I found an ad on Craigslist for Peruvian Hot Peppers for sale. So I trotted on over to Concord and bought some Rocoto and Aji Amarillo pepper plants. The Rocoto pepper plants have thrived, and are around five years old at this point. Most of my peppers are grown in buckets. My current favorite bucket is a 7 gallon nursery pot. They are often available for free or for cheap.
Blah blah blah, more to come.
- Author: Stephen Dampier
I grow Hot Hot Hot peppers including:
- Carolina Reapers
- Red Ghost Peppers aka Bhut Jolokia
- Habanero
- Rocoto
- Serrano
I have other peppers I grow but they vary depending on my mood.
Sweating is good. Hot peppers are fantastic for sweating. Therefore I Love Hot Hot Hot Peppers.
- Author: Shane T Feirer
The first day of the 2024 ESRI User Conference was filled with exciting announcements and innovative stories of Conservation and GIS. With around 21,000 attendees in San Diego and an additional people joining virtually, the energy and enthusiasm were palpable.
Plenary
Jack Dangermond and the ESRI team highlighted several new offerings in their plenary session. Notably, they introduced new datasets in the ArcGIS Living Atlas, including a national tile service of parcel boundaries and a feature layer of iNaturalist species observation data. These additions promise to provide users with even more comprehensive and valuable data for their projects.
The Governor of Minnesota, Tim Walz, a former high school Geography teacher, delivered an impassioned plenary speech on the importance of GIS in solving the challenges we face today. He emphasized the critical need for maps, data, and the work that GIS professionals do to address global issues.
New Apps and Features
ESRI also showcased a range of new apps in ArcGIS Online:
- Portfolio App: Designed to help users highlight key maps of interest, making it easier to share important insights with others.
- Web Editor App: This app offers a web-based editing experience similar to editing in ArcGIS Pro, making it more accessible for users to update and manage their data.
- Generative AI in AI Assistants: The inclusion of generative AI enhances the capabilities of spatial analysis, providing users with more intelligent and responsive tools and apps.
Additionally, several new story map templates were introduced, adding more options for users to create compelling narratives with their data.
Looking Ahead
With so many exciting developments on the first day, attendees can look forward to even more innovations and detailed sessions over the next three days. The future of GIS is looking bright, and the tools and features unveiled at this conference are set to drive the industry forward.
Stay tuned for more updates and insights from the 2024 ESRI User Conference in the coming days!