- Author: Ben A Faber
Statewide citrus bearing acreage relatively stable for past three seasons
The Pacific Regional Office of the USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts an acreage survey of California citrus growers as funding is available. The purpose of this survey is to provide bi-annual citrus acreage, which includes information on new plantings and removals. It is the continuation of a long series of industry-funded Citrus Acreage surveys.
This report consists of two parts:
- Table 1 shows estimated statewide bearing acreage for the 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23 seasons.
- Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 show detailed acreage data by type, variety, and year planted -- as voluntarily reported by citrus growers and maintained in NASS' database.
With perfect information, the estimated statewide bearing acreage and the detailed acreage data would be the same. Generally, this will not be the case for the following reasons:
- A voluntary survey of approximately 5,000 citrus growers is unlikely to ever attain 100 percent completeness.
- It is difficult for USDA/NASS to detect growers who are planting citrus for the first time.
Click here for a larger image.
Click here to read the full report.
Source: ccqc.org/wp-content
- Author: Sandipa Gautam
Upcoming Citrus Extension Outreach Meetings at LREC
August 20, 2024. Register here for AAIE Organized Citrus Roundtable for SJV growers: This is an opportunity for citrus pest control advisors to get together and talk about how they manage pests. The round table will discuss Ant Control, ACP, Thrips, Red Scale, Mealybug, Weed management, current regulations and pest management problems citrus pest control advisors have had. UCANR's Dr. Sandipa Gautam, Cooperative Extension Area Citrus IPM Advisor, David Haviland, Entomology and Pest Management Farm Advisor, Jorge Antonio Angeles, Weed Management Advisor, Dr. Bodil Cass, UCR Subtropical crops Specialist, and Chris Greer Assistant Ag Commissioner, Tulare County will be presenting at this meeting.
September 24, 2024: Register here for Citricola Scale Field Day: Citricola scale has been a problem in year 2024. This 2 hour event will focus on teaching PCAs on pest identification, monitoring, and best management practices manage citricola scale.
October 2, 2024: Register here for California red scale and its natural enemies workshop. A day dedicated to California red scale and its natural enemies is back! This hands-on workshop at Lindcove will teach PCAs how to recognize the various life stages of California red scale and their parasites with dedicated time to work with each life stage. With this knowledge PCAs can determine the level of parasitism of California red scale in their citrus orchards and make better decisions about scale control tactics. Seat is limited to 30 students.
October 9, 2024: Register here for Fall Citrus Meeting at Lindcove. Are you looking for one meeting where you can learn about various issues in citrus production? UC Researchers bring to you a Fall Citrus Meeting at Lindcove Research and Extension Center on October 9, 2024. This meeting will cover nutrient management and irrigation, insect pest, disease, weed management and regulatory pest and top issues and regulations followed by a group discussion to identify grower needs pertaining to various topics.
September 11, 2024: Register here for “Workshop on the Biology and Identification of Phytoseiid Predatory Mites in Agriculture” This workshop will teach students about the importance of predatory mites in agricultural crops and the basics of how to identify them to species level. Each student will have their own phase contrast microscope and access to a set of slide-mounted specimens to work through “The Key to Genera of Phytoseiidae Found on Crop Plants in California”. Learn from the experts – Dr. Beth Grafton-Cardwell will be leading the class with David Haviland. Seat is limited to 30 students. Full Agenda attached. This workshop will be held at Kearney REC, 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue, Exeter, CA.
Attached Files CRS Annoucement October 2 2024
Local Citrus Round Table Agenda AAIE
Workshop on the Biology and Identification of Phytoseiid Predatory Mites in Agriculture
Citricola Scale Field Day Announcement - September 24 2024
Fall Citrus Meeting at Lindcove
Photo: Wax Scale, Ceroplastes ceriferus
/span>Managing citrus mealybug – does ant control help?
Sandipa Gautam, Sanjeev Dhungana, and David Haviland
UC Co-operative Extension
Starting 2019/20 season, pest control advisors started noticing citrus mealybug infestations in multiple citrus varieties that continued to increase in acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. Although present in the citrus systems, mealybugs were considered to be a minor pest and kept well under check by natural enemies until recently.
What are mealybugs?
Mealybugs are soft, oval, flat, distinctly segmented insects whose body is covered in white mealy wax. Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri is the most common species associated with citrus. Females lay ~600 eggs in egg sacs loosely held by white cottony flint. Crawlers are yellowish, and can move or be carried by ants, birds, or the wind to start new infestations. Crawlers feed by sucking sap using straw-like stylets and soon develop a waxy covering (Fig. 1C). Like California red scale, females molt and stay as third instars until mated by a male. Males go through a pupal stage and emerge as adults with wings that fly to seek a mate.
Mealybugs prefer the inside canopy of the tree and can be found under dense leaves, between clusters of fruits, or in other cryptic places where they can be difficult to find, especially when the population is low. As the season progresses and the tree flushes, blooms, and fruit develops, mealybugs move to the parts of the tree where nutrients flow. Ongoing research on seasonal phenology suggest that there are 5-6 generations in the San Joaquin Valley. The first generation starts from overwintering adult/egg populations in late March/early April. The second-generation crawlers/nymphs move to fruit in June/July. The remaining generations each year primarily feed and multiply on the fruit.
Mealybugs produce nutrient rich honeydew that is an attractive food source for ants. Ants have been reported to defend insect colonies from predators and parasitoids. In an early infestation, ant trails can be used as an indicator to locate mealybug infestations or other sap sucking pests. Managing sugar feeding ants in citrus orchards has shown increased biocontrol of sap sucking insects. It is plausible that loss of chlorpyrifos as an ant control tool may have aggravated ants thereby aiding to increase mealybug pressure in recent years.
As mealybugs have become a reoccurring pest in citrus orchards, University of California researchers-initiated studies to work towards developing strategies to manage this pest. Research funded by Citrus Research Board and led by Gautam lab is investigating biology, field ecology, and management of mealybugs. During field visits, our observations have shown that various ant species of were present throughout the growing season attending mealybug colonies.
Does managing ant help suppress mealybug?
UC researchers have documented that managing sugar feeding ants increases biocontrol, thereby reducing the pest pressure of sap sucking insects. When ant densities are were reduced >90%, there was ~90% less mealybug on twigs and complete elimination of mealybug was reported from fruit. However, managing ants has been a challenge since the use of chlorpyrifos was banned. To address this need, UC researchers have worked to develop and test different types of hydrogel beads for delivering insecticide products to sugar-feeding species of ants.
Research led by David Haviland has focused on the experimental use of commercially-available polyacrylamide hydrogel beads for large field-scale applications. In 2023 a large-scale field trial was conducted in a 20-acre grapefruit block in Sanger, California. Two applications of hydrogel beads laced with insecticides were made on Aug 2 and August 30, 2023. Post-treatment evaluations for ant density were done on 24 trees/plot by counting the number of ants that passed through a graft union for 15 secs weekly for 4 weeks after each application. The effects of ant suppression on mealybug densities was evaluated in October 2023 by counting the number of fruits infested with mealybugs (presence/absence) on 30 fruits from the inside canopy. Insecticide treatments had variable results on ant density, with lowest ant density consistently found in plots treated with thiamethoxam. Similarly, plots treated with thiamethoxam had the lowest populations of mealybugs.
There's a lot more to this story:
https://ceventura.ucanr.edu/Com_Ag/Subtropical/?newsletteritem=100493
- Author: Ben A Faber
Update on Novel Ant Control Method in Citrus (MyAgLife in Citrus, Episode 828)
Recently, the Citrus Research Boards, IPM Entomologist, Ivan Milosavljevi?, Ph.D., was a guest on Episode 828 of MyAgLife in Citrus, where he provided an update on on a novel method of ant control in citrus. This method utilizes hydrogel beads filled with trace pesticide amounts.
To listen to the episode, please click below.
Episode 828 | April 30, 2024 | MyAgLife in Citrus – MyAgLife Daily News Report
Thanks to the generosity of the Hrdy family, we are pleased to announce that the following proposals have been selected for funding through The Daniel & Sarah Hrdy Fund for UC Cooperative Extension Research.
- Evaluation of climatic drivers of endemic and invasive citrus pest populations using grower data (Bodil Cass, Hamutahl Cohen, Sandipa Gautam, and Jay Rosenheim)
- Protecting Crops Providing Homes: The Raptor Nest Box Grower Alliance (Breanna Martinico)
Proposals were submitted by individuals or teams. Proposal reviewers ranked the 25 submissions, giving priority to outstanding proposals submitted by early to mid-career level (assistant to associate level) UC ANR academics. Projects will receive three to five years of funding, with up to $25,000 per year. Funds will next be available for proposal submission in 2025.
Brent D. Hales
Associate Vice President, Research and Cooperative Extension