Here are seven tips on how to protect your plants from freezing temperatures in California:

1. Water your plants. Make sure your plants (not succulents) are hydrated before a freeze. Water the soil around the base of the plant, this will help to insulate the plant and keep it from freezing.
    
2. Cover your plants. Use blankets, fitted bed sheets, or frost cloths to cover your vulnerable plants. Make sure the cover reaches all the way to the ground and is securely fastened to prevent cold air from seeping in. Do not use plastic covers, as they can trap moisture and damage the plant. Make sure to remove the covering when the temperature rises.
   
   
3. Add warmth for your plants. Use incandescent miniature lights (not the LED type) to provide warmth and raise the temperature around your plants. Position a 100–150 watt light in the center of the tree and cover the plant with a sheet. 
   
   
4. Bring potted plants indoors. If you have potted plants, move them to a sheltered area (ie. Porch, indoors, under an awning), when temperatures are expected to drop. If possible, cluster potted plants close together in a sheltered spot close to the house. If plants are brought indoors, place them near a window that gets sunlight.
   
   
5. Mulch your plants. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of your plants. This will help to insulate the roots and keep the soil warm.
   
   
6. Prune your plants. Prune any dead or damaged branches from your plants before a freeze. This will help to prevent further damage from occurring.
   
   
7. Monitor the weather. Stay up-to-date on the latest weather forecasts and take action if freezing temperatures are expected. If possible, move your plants to a warmer location or cover them before the freeze sets in.

It's important to note that different plants have different levels of cold tolerance. Some plants are more susceptible to freezing temperatures than others. If you're unsure about how to protect a particular plant, consult with your local UC Master Gardener Program for advice, mg.ucanr.edu/FindUs.

By taking these steps to protect your plants from freezing temperatures, you can help ensure that they stay healthy and vibrant year-round. With a little extra care, you can keep your garden looking beautiful no matter what the weather brings. Stay warm this week!

Additional Resources:

Frost Protection for Citrus and other Subtropicals (UC ANR publication 8100)
https://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8100.pdf

UC Master Gardener Program of Marin County, Problems, Extreme Conditions – Frost  
https://marinmg.ucanr.edu/PROBLEMS/EXTREME_CONDITIONS/Frost_853/

Are you interested in attracting native insects and pollinators to your garden? If so, join the UC Cooperative Extension Master Gardeners for a free class at a local Stanislaus County Library to learn more about California native plants.  

Sat, 3/4 at 2:00 p.m. – Empire Library
Tues, 3/7 at 6:00 p.m. – Salida Library
Wed, 3/8 at 2:30 p.m. – Patterson Library
Sat, 3/11 at 2:00 p.m. – Riverbank Library
Mon, 3/13 at 6:00 p.m. – Ceres Library
Tues, 3/14 at 6:00 p.m. – Oakdale Library
Wed, 3/22 at 6:00 p.m. – Turlock Library
Mon, 3/27 at 5:30 p.m. – Modesto Library    

Don't see your local library on our list? Contact them to request our classes.   

February is a great time to start preparing for your spring and summer vegetable garden, especially if you want to get a head start on the growing season. According to the California Master Gardener Handbook, growing your own transplants from seed indoors can extend your garden season by several weeks, reduce your gardening cost and allow you to grow a more diverse variety of crops.   

Growing from seed is not only fun, but it can also save you money. When stored properly a typical seed packet can last several years. Seeds should be started indoors or in an outdoor hot box or cold frame. Start growing the seeds 6-8 weeks before the date you would like to transplant them and when the threat of frost has passed.

Another benefit of growing vegetables from seed is the wide selection of varieties available from seed catalogs. Growing different varieties is important for an extended harvest and to find plants that grow well in your area. Vegetable plants sold in seedling form are generally available in only one or a few varieties. Plants typically started by seeds indoors include broccoli, cauliflower, eggplant, parsley, tomatoes and peppers. Seeds typically started in the ground include beans, beets, carrots, peas and turnips. 

What do you need to get started?

• Soil mix - The soil media you choose should be fine textured, uniform and airy. Do not use garden soil. It is usually too heavy and often may have disease-causing organisms. A commercial potting mix suited to starting seeds will work well. Fill your growing containers about 2/3 full. 
• Containers - You can start seeds in almost any container that has drainage holes. Sterilize recycled containers in a 1:9 bleach to water solution, rinse them well and let them air dry prior to use. 
• A location with proper light and temperature - A sunny window is usually the perfect spot as it has strong but indirect sunlight. Seed packages should instruct you on sunlight needs. Additionally, keep your seedlings in an area that stays between 65 and 70 degrees during the day and 55-60 degrees at night.
• Quality Seeds – Only plant seeds from a reputable source. Check your seed packets to ensure your seeds have not expired, and that you are planting them at the right time of year. You can also check for seed viability. 
• Water – It is crucial to provide seeds with consistent watering. Seeds and seedlings must be kept evenly moist to thrive.

Who doesn't love watching birds in our gardens?!!! Many people put out bird seed feeders or sugar water feeders to attract birds. While feeders can provide supplemental food, the best course is to create natural, bird-friendly plant gardens that provide birds with native, healthy food.

There are three groups of plants that attract birds and each group draws different types of birds: Nectar plants, plants that provide seeds or nuts, and plants that produce berries or fruit. Many plants will provide more than one source of food, i.e., nectar in the spring and berries in autumn.

Here is a list of a few favorite native plants in each group and some of the birds they may attract.

Hummingbirds and Nectar

Nectar is a great source of energy since it contains water, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, protein and about 15-25% sugars. While all flowering plants produce nectar, native plants generally provide a higher concentration of nectar in comparison to cultivated plants. Flowers with long blooming periods or repeat blooming will provide birds with a consistent food supply for extended periods.

Hummingbirds prefer tubular shaped flowers that fit the length of their beak, and are bright in color, particularly red. Native salvias (sages), penstemon, columbine, and honeysuckle all serve up nectar for hummingbirds.

• Sages (Salvias): There are about 18 sages native to California, with Hummingbird sage (Salvia spathacea) being one of them. The common name says it all! Fruity scented dark rose-lilac blossoms appear in March – May. It also produces autumn seeds that attract birds such as sparrows and finches.
• Western Redbud (Cercis occidentalis). A small deciduous tree or shrub found in the foothills and mountains of California with distinctive shiny heart-shaped leaves. The showy bright pink or magenta flowers develop in the later winter and spring, growing in clusters all over the shrub, making the plant very colorful and noticeable in the landscape. Goldfinches and sparrows will feed on seeds produced in the fall.
• California Fuchsia (Epilobium canum). There's probably no better California native plant for attracting hummingbirds. A perennial plant, it blooms a bright profusion of scarlet flowers in spring and summer, and is often the only native California flowering plant blooming at the height of summer.

Birds That Eat Seeds

Birds that eat seeds are often the most common birds seen in gardens, which is why many people put up seed feeders. By not deadheading, the flowers will dry up, go to seed, thus providing for seed eaters. Native sunflowers, asters, and coneflowers all produce loads of tiny seeds that are finch and sparrow favorites.  

• Bush sunflower (Encelia californica), commonly referred to as "California bush sunflower.” With abundant bright yellow daises, it is beautiful in late winter through summer. Attracts goldfinches, sparrows, orioles, crows, Scrub jays, grosbeaks.
• California aster (Symphyotrichum chilense). A member of the Asteraceae family it is native to western North America. The summer blooming flowers come in blues, purples and yellow colors. It is also a host plant for the Northern Checkerspot, Field Crescent and Pearl Crescent butterflies.
• Deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens), also known as Meadow Muhly and Deer Muhly, is a summer-growing, perennial bunchgrass whose seeds attracts woodpeckers, finches, grosbeaks, crows and jays.

Berry Plants are Important to Birds

The presence of winter berries has an important role of sustaining a number of bird species through the colder months. Some insect-eating birds will turn to berries as a supplement to their diets when insects become scarce. Berry plants attract birds such as California thrashers, Western bluebirds, American robins, Northern flickers, Nuttall's woodpeckers, Northern mockingbirds, California scrub jays, orioles, crows, and wrentits. Berries can also be magnets for winter visitors such as cedar waxwings, which travel in large flocks. These showy birds have been known to over-indulge on overripe berries that have started to ferment and become intoxicated, which causes them to fly erratically and crash into windows.

Many shrubs and small trees provide berries that ripen at different times, so providing a seasonal variety, such as cherries for birds during the breeding seasons of spring and summer, and holly in winter, helps sustain birds throughout the year.

• Golden Currant (Ribes aureum). A deciduous plant that blooms in late winter and spring with golden yellow flowers that attract hummingbirds. The ripe berries in autumn are amber yellow to black in color, are edible, and attract a wide range of birds. There are two main varieties: Ribes aureum var. aureum and Ribes var. gracillimum.
• Blue Elderberry (Sambucus Mexicana). Also known as Mexican elderberry, the berries from elderberries are one of the most important sources of food for birds in California. Native from Oregon to Baja all the way to western Texas, it has cream or yellow flowers in the spring and purple berries in the fall.
• Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia).  Toyon is a beautiful perennial chapparal shrub native throughout the western part of California and the Sierra foothills. It is also known by the common names Christmas berry and California holly from the bright red berries it produces during the winter months, which are produced in large quantities, maturing in the fall and persisting well into the winter. Note: the berries are toxic to humans in large amounts.
• California False Buckthorn (Frangula californica). This perennial, evergreen shrub is also known as Coffeeberry due to its berries containing seeds that resemble coffee beans. The shrub produces small, greenish white flowers in the summer, followed by dark berries that are sought after by birds.

By providing a variety of native plants that produce nectar, seeds and berries to attract different types of birds, you'll be providing a healthy haven for birds all year round, along with many other species of pollinators such as bees and butterflies!

Denise Godbout-Avant has been a UCCE Stanislaus County Master Gardener since 2020.

Resources

California Native Plant Society https://www.calscape.org/  and garden planner https://gardenplanner.calscape.org/

A list of plants that naturally attract California Birds to your Garden https://www.laspilitas.com/bird.htm

Audubon native plants database  https://www.audubon.org/native-plants