- (Focus Area) Agriculture
- Author: Mike Hsu
El programa CalFresh Healthy Living y Jardineros Maestros de UC se unen a la organización no lucrativa MORE en el condado de El Dorado
Cosechan frutas y verduras, aprenden sobre las partes comestibles de una planta y plagas y participan en una serie de clases sobre cocina saludable y segura, todo con el objetivo de desarrollar sus destrezas dirigidas a vivir una vida más independiente y sana.
Ellos son un grupo de adultos con discapacidades intelectuales y de desarrollo que participa en los programas que ofrece la organización no lucrativa MORE, en el condado de El Dorado.
Pero MORE no lo hace sola, ha descubierto en el personal y voluntarios de los programas Jardineros Maestros de la Universidad de California y de CalFresh Healthy Living, UC, a sus almas gemelas en la tarea de ayudar a sus clientes a vivir vidas más plenas y saludables.
Desde el 2018, estos programas – afiliados a la División de Agricultura y Recursos Naturales de UC – han ayudado a enriquecer las vidas de aproximadamente 60 clientes de la organización MORE, la cual ofrece servicios que van desde el desarrollo de destrezas para una vida independiente hasta capacitación laboral y colocación de empleos.
“Esta es exactamente el tipo de colaboración con la comunidad que nos gusta”, señaló Susie Davies, directora general de MORE, quien ha trabajado con la organización ubicada en Placerville durante 40 años. “Esto ha sido increíble; nuestra gente ha aprendido sobre nutrición y jardinera más allá de lo que pudiéramos habernos imaginado”.
Durante una de las sesiones, los clientes de MORE disfrutaron preparando una “ensalada con partes de plantas”, dando continuidad a la lección de botánica sobre los componentes comestibles de las plantas – frutas, raíces, hojas, semillas y tallos.
“Fue divertido cortar el apio y broccoli”, expresó Jared (se usan solo los nombres para proteger su privacidad). “Me gusta verter la salsa”.
“Me gusta todo sobre crear la ensalada”, mencionó por su parte Deanne, otra participante.
“MORE es el sitio soñado, el mejor al que jamás podría aspirar, con el programa y los clientes que son encantadores y realmente siempre dispuestos a todo”, dijo McLaughlin, educadora de nutrición de CalFresh Healthy Living de la oficina de Extensión Cooperativa de UC en Central Sierra. “Es un lugar para estar, realmente genial”.
CalFresh Healthy Living UC es una de las organizaciones en California que enseña sobre nutrición a las personas que son elegibles a los beneficios del Programa de Asistencia Nutricional Suplementaria, conocido por sus siglas en inglés como SNAP). UC Davis administra el subsidio de SNAP-Ed y los educadores de Extensión Cooperativa de UC ofrecen las clases en todo el estado.
‘Parte de nuestra familia MORE'
A través del programa de nutrición y jardinería, los clientes aprenden y aplican sus habilidades en el huerto e invernadero de las instalaciones de MORE en el cercano Huerto de Demostración Sherwood administrado por Jardineros Maestros de UC en el condado de El Dorado.
“Es un programa muy bueno”, indicó Tony, un cliente de MORE. “Puedo aprender cosas”.
Además de sentirse orgullosos de llevar productos frescos a sus casas o a la cocina de MORE para ser usados en el servicio de comida, los clientes también están llevando consigo recetas nutritivas y saludables. Jordan Postlewait, director de programas de acceso comunitario en MORE, dijo que los participantes ahora saben cómo usar ingredientes del huerto para crear platillos como la salsa de tomate y ensalada de frutas.
“Se llevan las recetas que Cailin les da y llegan a casa y sirven a todo su grupo en casa lo que hicimos como bocadillo”, dijo Postlewait. “Están poniendo atención a lo que están comiendo”.
Como resultado de esta consciencia y conocimiento sobre alimentos nutritivos, Davies señaló que los clientes de MORE están más saludables, más energizados y alertas y listos para aprender. Ella se apresura a dar crédito de ello a la experiencia y entusiasmo de McLaughlin, a la coordinadora del programa CalFresh Healthy Living de UCCE, Mariana García y al personal y voluntarios de Jardineros Maestros de UC.
“Tienen la misma dedicación y compromiso a la excelencia que nuestro personal en su preparación para cada sesión”, expresó. “Simplemente se convirtieron en parte de nuestra familia MORE”.
“Me gusta ver a Cailin y Tracy y todo el personal que son mis amigos”, expresó Kenion, cliente de MORE.
Las clases de cocina crean posibilidades para pasar tiempo en la cocina y encontrar empleo
En abril, dos grupos, cada uno compuesto por seis personas, empezaron a participar en un nuevo curso de seis sesiones que combina nutrición, seguridad alimentaria y técnicas básicas de cocina. Cada sesión de dos horas incluyo una lección de nutrición, una actividad física y tiempo en la cocina comercial de MORE.
“Fue divertido meterme a la cocina y aprender a preparar mis propias comidas”, dijo Jared. “Aprendí cómo usar una sartén pequeña”.
Kyle, otro participante, indicó que usa las recetas para cocinar para sus compañeros de vivienda. “Me gustó aprender nuevas destreza y recetas para cocinar”, manifestó.
McLaughlin tomó un currículo sobre alimentación saludable dirigido a jóvenes, aprobado por CalFresh Healthy Living de UC y lo adaptó para los adultos en MORE.
“Todo el objetivo es acercarlos más a una vida independiente, ya sea que vivan en instalaciones para grupos o cuenten con su propio departamento – aprender cómo cocinar e identificar recetas saludables, son un enorme componente en ello”, explicó McLaughlin.
Las experiencias culinarias guiadas – y equipo para cocinar como cuchillos de plástico seguros– no solo benefician a los participantes, sino que también les da a sus familiares la seguridad y confianza de incluirlos en la preparación de las comidas.
“En realidad el personal de MORE y también los padres de algunos clientes nos han preguntado que dónde obtuvimos los cuchillos, porque les gustaría incluir a su familiar en la cocina con ellos, si lo pueden hacer de manera segura”, dijo McLaughlin. “No sabían que existían cosas como los cuchillos seguros. No sabían que se puede adaptar un protector de silicona para alimentos para evitar que se quemen con el quemador”.
Además de mejorar el tiempo familiar de los clientes, las lecciones sobre cocina también los pueden preparar para un empleo en el futuro. Davies mencionó que está en pláticas con un chef local sobre la posibilidad de establecer un entrenamiento culinario para los clientes.
McLaughlin indicó que los participantes anteriores han expresado interés de servir como ayudantes y mentores de cocinas para las futuras sesiones de la serie de cocina y seguridad alimentaria.
Los colaboradores nutren la relación de los clientes con la naturaleza y comunidad
Empoderar a los clientes con nuevas destrezas y fomentar el sentido de pertenencia del huerto son dos piedras angulares de los programas de colaboración. A principios del 2019, cada participante de MORE adoptó un árbol en el Jardín de Demostración Sherwood para cuidarlo y nutrirlo.
“Casi todo el tiempo que vienen al huerto, revisan esos árboles frutales”, manifestó Celio. “Estos árboles hacen muchas cosas durante todo el año, así que siguen el ciclo: ven caer las hojas; ven surgir la fruta; ven lo que una helada le hace a su árbol; ven lo que las plagas le hacen a su árbol”.
Los participantes experimentan los retos de la jardinería – desde el manejo de conejos y ardillas, hasta sufrir la pérdida de un peral debido a una enfermedad – además de sus muchas alegrías.
“Me gusta ver las mariposas y diferentes plantas; las mariposas beben de los arbustos”, señaló Jen, clienta de MORE. “Mi cosa favorita es el jardín de rosas”.
Al mismo tiempo, los clientes han construido relaciones sólidas con el grupo principal de voluntarios de Jardinero Maestro de UC y la docena de integrantes de la “cuadrilla” de voluntarios del huerto. Celio destacó que los programas de huertos, que fueron recientemente reconocidos por el programa estatal de Jardinero Maestros de UC con el Premio en Busca Excelencia, son realmente unos colaboradores.
Los participantes de MORE con frecuencia aportan sus propias ideas; uno de ellos, por ejemplo, se interesó en hacer composta y trabajó con el personal de MORE para establecer una caja con gusanos en el huerto de las instalaciones de MORE.
“Cada vez que veo a ese cliente, me cuenta cómo les va a los gusanos y lo saludables que son las plantas que crecen al lado de la caja de gusanos”, dijo Celio, para agregar que también trabajó en una de las mesas durante la feria de MORE, enseñando a otros clientes y sus familias sobre vermicultura.
Usando una herramienta en línea y una aplicación, 12 clientes han tomado fotos y compartidos comentarios sobre su experiencia de salud y bienestar en MORE, específicamente sobre su sendero para caminar. Con esa información, están trabajando para hacer más seguro y agradable ese recorrido.
Responder a sus comentarios, junto con los otros programas de colaboración que están construyendo habilidades vitales y comunidades, demuestra a los clientes de MORE que se les aprecia y respeta.
“La petición por parte de las personas que servimos es que desean ser vistos, escuchados y valorados por otros miembros de la comunidad”, manifestó Davies. “Y esto es realmente para demostrarles que se les valora y se les ve y escucha".
Adaptado al español por Leticia Irigoyen del artículo en inglés . Editado por Diana Cervantes.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
For the beekeepers that's easy. They dislike the pests known as "wax moths" and their larvae.
The female wax moths hang around the hives at night and when the opportunity arises, slip in to lay their eggs. If the colony is weak, this pest can take over.
The honey bee bible, The Hive and the Honey Bee (Dadant Publication), says the wax moth female "produces less than 300 eggs during her life span of 3 to 30 days, but a few lay as many as 2000 eggs. Mated females fly to beehives one to three hours after dark, enter, and lay eggs until they leave shortly before daylight."
The Hive and the Honey Bee authors relate that "the presence of the wax moth larvae usually signals a major problem such as queenlessness, an infectious disease, poisoning and starvation."
In his book, Honey Bee Biology (2023 Princeton University), bee scientist Brian Johnson, associate professor, UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology, touches on colony pests in addition to his indepth coverage of everything from molecular genetics, development, and physiology to neurobiology, behavior, and pollination biology.
Johnson writes in part: "The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and the lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) are old and well-known pests of honey bees. The female moth lays her eggs on the comb and the larvae consume the wax, pollen and honey. In nature, these pests are mainly a threat to weak colonies, as strong colonies can kill their larvae." He goes on to mention that beekeepers who inadequately store large amounts of wax combs may be subject to wax moth infestations. He recommends air tight storage and the use of mothballs.
The larvae are not always unwanted. They've been introduced as an alternative model to study microbial infections.
So, in keeping with National Moth Week, the Bohart Museum of Entomology is hosting its annual Moth Night from 7 to 11 p.m. on Saturday, July 20 at its headquarters in Room 1124 of the Academic Surge Building, 455Crocker Lane, UC Davis. Inside, Jeff Smith, curator of the Bohart's Lepidoptera collection, and his colleagues will be displaying moth specimens and answering questions. Outside, Bohart research associate John "Moth Man" De Benedictus will set up a blacklighting display, complete with white sheet and a UV light to attract moths and other night-flying insects.
The open house is free and family friendly. Also free: hot chocolate and cookies, according to Tabatha Yang, education and outreach coordinator.
Founded in 1946, the Bohart Museum is the home of a global collection of eight million insect specimens. It also features a petting zoo (including Madagascar hissing cockroaches, walking sticks and tarantulas) and a gift shop stocked with insect-themed t-shirts, hoodies, books, posters, jewelry and more. The museum is directed by Professor Jason Bond, the Evert and Marion Schlinger Endowed Chair, UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology, and associate dean, Agricultural Sciences, UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
![Close-up of the larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), pests of honey bee colonies. Also shown is another bee colony pest, a hive beetle. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) Close-up of the larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), pests of honey bee colonies. Also shown is another bee colony pest, a hive beetle. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/107877.jpg)
![This is the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) from the Bohart Museum of Entomology Lepidoptera collection. (Photo by Jeff Smith) This is the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) from the Bohart Museum of Entomology Lepidoptera collection. (Photo by Jeff Smith)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/107883.jpg)
![This is the lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, from the Bohart Museum of Entomology Lepidoptera collection. (Photo by Jeff Smith) This is the lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, from the Bohart Museum of Entomology Lepidoptera collection. (Photo by Jeff Smith)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/107884.jpg)
California inundated with invasive fruit flies
Bodil Cass
Extension Subtropics Entomologist, Dept of Entomology, UCR
California is experiencing an unusually high number of invasive fruit fly infestations. There are seven active regional quarantines in different areas of the state for four different species of exotic fruit flies in the family Tephritidae: Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) and Tau fly (Zeugodacus tau) in Los Angeles, Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) at the border of Ventura/Los Angeles, and four separate quarantine areas for the Oriental fruit fly (‘OFF'; B. dorsalis) in Riverside/San Bernardino, Contra Costa, Sacramento, and Santa Clara counties. A quarantine just ended following the successful eradication of an infestation of Mexfly (Anastrepha ludens) in San Diego County.
The OFF infestation in San Bernardino/Riverside is especially serious in terms of the unprecedented number of flies found and the many acres of commercial production affected. For this species, six male flies/one mated female/one larva triggers a quarantine, but here we have detected more than 500 adult flies and are still finding more, even during winter. The affected area, including more than 550 square miles, encompasses not just residential properties but an important agricultural region with commercial farms. Farmers in the area are bringing in more trained pesticide applicators, and facing crop losses, delayed harvests, disruption to integrated pest management practices for other pests, and increased costs as they act to mitigate the damage. The unfortunate proximity of the epicenter of the outbreak to agricultural production is necessitating some problem solving and adaptation of mitigation protocols as we race to stop the fly population from establishing.
The quarantine boundary is also approaching the edge of the California Citrus State Historic Park and the University of California Riverside campus, with fly finds less than two miles from active subtropical fruit and biological control research plots, the Givaudan Citrus Variety Collection, and citrus trees of historical importance. Researchers are gauging how the infestation and mitigation protocols might impact current experiments being conducted, including delayed harvest dates, and scrambling to adapt research plans accordingly.
Usually, we have one or two small exotic fruit fly quarantines per year, so the current situation is a strain on resources statewide. The number of areas invested and the severity of the OFF infestation in San Bernardino/Riverside are stretching resources thin as the Department of Agriculture pulls insect detection specialists and staff from other projects to help place more traps, enact compliance agreements, and visit residential properties. San Bernardino County is providing yard signs to help encourage residents not to move produce while the quarantine is in effect.
Exotic fruit flies are one of the most serious threats to food production in the state, with the estimated economic cost of any one of these Tephritidae species becoming established running into the $100 of millions through crop losses, additional pesticide use, and collapse of export markets. These flies are of concern because the larvae/maggots feed on fresh fruit and vegetables prior to harvest. The immature flies chew through the fresh fruit, and it rots on the tree or vine, or drops prematurely to the ground. Fruit infested with large maggots is not marketable to consumers and not fit for human consumption. They are much more damaging than other flies, like smaller Drosophila species that develop on fruit that has already matured, been harvested and is in compost. Tephritidae flies are also highly polyphagous, with some species attacking more than 100 types of fruit, vegetables, and nuts, including the major food crops produced in the state; citrus, avocado, dates, tomatoes, bell peppers, figs, grapes, cucurbits and many specialty crops are all at risk.
We have a long-standing success record of keeping fruit flies out of the state, and fully expect to achieve eradication of all the current infestations through an approach that consists of biological control (mating disruption by sterile insect release), chemical control (targeted pesticide baits), and physical control (destruction of infested fruit from the current season and restrictions on movement of fruit from infested areas). If you have questions about a fruit fly quarantine/eradication, or if you think you have fruits and vegetables infested with fruit fly larvae, call the CDFA Exotic Pest Hotline at 1 (800) 491-1899, contact your local Agricultural Commissioner, or the University's Cooperative Extension. More information specifically for growers is available at regional Farm Bureau meetings and on the CDFA website: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/PE/InteriorExclusion/current_grower_info.html#INTRO
Image of Oriental Fruit Fly
![oriental fruit fly image oriental fruit fly image](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/107467.jpg)
- Author: Patty Guerra, UC Merced
As the climate continues to change, the risks to farming are only going to increase.
That's the key takeaway from a recent paper published by a team that included UC Merced and UC Agriculture and Natural Resources researchers. The paper dives into what those challenges are, how farmers are working to address them and what should come next.
"Climate Smart Agriculture: Assessing Needs and Perceptions of California's Farmers" was first authored by Samuel Ikendi, academic coordinator, with Tapan Pathak, UC Cooperative Extension climate adaptation in agriculture specialist, as a corresponding author. Both are based at UC Merced. Pathak is also a project director of National Institute of Food and Agriculture-funded project "Multifaceted Pathways to Climate-Smart Agriculture through Participator Program Development and Delivery," which supported this study. The study appeared in the open access journal Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.
The needs assessment was designed to understand farmers' perceptions and experiences with climate change exposures; the risk management practices they currently use; and what tools and resources would assist them in making strategic decisions.
Of the farmers surveyed, roughly two-thirds agree climate change is occurring and requires action. Even more said they are interested in learning more about the impacts of climate change on the agricultural industry. Most respondents said they experience greater climate change impacts on their farms today compared with 10 years ago.
Farmers were very concerned with water-related issues, with those in the San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast and Inland Empire areas particularly worried about a reduction in the availability of groundwater. Increased drought severity was a very significant concern among farmers in the Inland Empire, Central Coast and Southern regions. Farmers in the North Coast and Southern regions were concerned about increased damage to crops due to wildfire.
Closely related were temperature-related issues, including crop damage due to extreme heat.
Those who farm vegetables were more concerned about water availability for irrigation, while fruit farmers were more concerned about increased crop/water stress and increased crop damage due to extreme heat.
Many respondents said they are implementing climate adaptation practices including managing water resources, maintaining soil health and making more use of renewable energy sources. They are seeking insurance and government help to pay for these adaptations and increase their agricultural resilience, the researchers wrote.
The farmers expressed interest in learning more about measures they might take to mitigate climate change. But they cited significant barriers to this work, including government regulations, high implementation cost, labor access/cost, access to water and the availability of money to pay for it.
"Climate change is significantly altering California's highly diverse agricultural landscape, posing challenges such as increased water stress, heat stress, and shifting growing seasons," Pathak said. "Climate-smart agriculture practices can alleviate some of those stresses."
But, he said, research and UC Cooperative Extension efforts only have value if they lead to enhanced climate-informed decision-making at the local level.
"Assessing their level of knowledge, perception and needs will help in tailoring research and extension activities that are most relevant to farmers on the ground," Pathak said. "Results from this study could also provide important policy insights on financial incentives and technical assistance."
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- Author: Ben A Faber
You may have missed it, or you may want to relive it. Here's a video of the June 25 Avocado Field Day at Jackson Ranch in North San Diego County:
Field Day at Jackson Avocado Ranch
![avocado cluster avocado cluster](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/107855.jpg)