- Author: Alison Collin
As the snow melts and waters recede from our recent series of storms most gardeners are looking at a rather sorry landscape with browned plants, torn tree limbs, collapsed shrub branches, and sodden perennials. One itches to tidy everything up and restore order, but how does one tackle such a large task?
Firstly, do an inventory of damage, taking photographs of any major damage, and then make a list of priorities.
Many trees that were originally planted in tract housing frontages in the 1960's are now 60 years old and have suffered abuse from improper pruning and neglect. In the area where I live, mulberries and ash trees were planted extensively, and repeated topping has caused many of them to produce poorly attached limbs which failed with the weight of snow. In one short road 5 mulberry trees and a cedar lost large branches!
Tree safety is of major importance, so look up and note any torn limbs that might pose danger to the public or yourself. If they are large, out of reach, dangling, or hanging over the highway, a roof, or path their removal is a job for a certified arborist. Often these are in short supply after a storm, so move vehicles away and cordon off the area using warning tape or cones until you can get professional help.
Smaller limbs can be cut back to the main trunk of the tree or to a strong lateral branch replacing the tear with a neat saw cut.
Shrubs and bushes were beaten down by the weight of snow, and if this was not removed hastily the branches will often remain bowed. Some plants seem to have the ability to right themselves but many will need staking or tying back to a strong stem. I have a large euonymus which fell apart with the first snow, the branches lying on the ground, but bit by bit it regained its previous form and the remaining holes in the canopy can be closed with some judicious tying-in support.
Upright plants like nandinas or mahonias may need staking, or else removal of damaged stems at ground level to enable healthy new stems to grow during the summer.
Do not be in a hurry to prune frost damaged plants such as figs, ornamental sages, and roses, but wait until the full extent of the damage becomes apparent after new growth begins in the warmer weather and then choose a strong shoot to prune back to.
Many low growing perennial plants with basal leaves that have died or become a soggy mess, such as strawberries should be cleaned up. Removing dead and decaying leaves and other matter from the crowns, leaving only healthy growth lessens the risk of fungal damage and rot setting in. However with some plants it may be necessary to add protection in the event of a late frost.
Waterlogged soils can easily become very compacted if walked on or driven over by machines, so it is far better to keep off the garden altogether until the soil has had time to dry out.
The sun will shine again! Crocuses began blooming as soon as the snow melted and daffodils are full of promise so we have the potential for a wonderful growing year if we give our poor battered plants a little help.
- Author: Vivian Patterson
A summer garden in the hot Owens Valley can produce oodles of Tomatoes, Eggplant, Peppers, Zucchini, Garlic, and Onions. Ratatouille is a classic French Provençal stew made from these exact fresh vegetables. Over the years I've tried making every recipe of Ratatouille I could find and while some were better than others none was as good as the Ratatouille from Provence where it had its origin. On a trip to Provence last month, I made it my mission to find out how it is made there and why it is so much better than any I've made here.
Several helpful hints I found:
- Use equal quantities (by weight) of Tomatoes, Eggplant, Peppers, and Zucchini
- Cut all the above vegetables in ½” cubes
- Mise en Place: Cut ALL vegetables before you begin to cook. This will keep everything cooking at the correct amount of time without the worry of the phone ringing or other interruptions.
- There is a certain order that the vegetables are added to the pot. Follow this order. After the addition of each vegetable, cook for 15 minutes before adding the next vegetable.
Best of All: Ratatouille can be frozen. You must let it cool all the way before freezing it. It should be thawed in the refrigerator. I tried this and it works!
Ratatouille de Provence
The recipe:
- Extra Virgin Olive Oil
- Chopped Onion –1-2 large
- Minced Garlic – About 1-2 Tbs
- Tomato Paste – ½ Small Can
- Fresh Basil chopped
Use 1½ pounds of each of the following. Cube everything the same size. About 1/2 inch. For smaller or larger batches, select fairly equal quantities (by weight) of the following.
- Sweet Peppers
- Eggplant
- Zucchini
- Tomato (cored and seeded, but leave skin on)
Cook the following slowly at a Medium Low heat.
- Sauté Onion in extra virgin olive oil until soft. Add Garlic at the end just before Step 2.
- Add Peppers to Onion and cook 15 minutes, stirring as necessary.
- Add Eggplant and cook 15 minutes, stirring as necessary. Add more oil if needed.
- Add Zucchini and cook 15 minutes, stirring as necessary.
- Add Tomato, Tomato Paste, and Basil. Stir to combine. It will seem like there is not enough liquid. There is! Cook slowly to release liquid.
- Continue cooking until done and you have a desirable consistency. Vegetables will still be distinguishable and have some texture.
- Taste for salt and pepper.
Let cool. Serve at lukewarm, room temperature, or cool.
Refrigerate for 3 days or freeze.
Freezing: It is recommended that you freeze in usable quantities. Ratatouille must completely cool before freezing. Pint-size freezer jars are great for this. Leave one-inch head space. Be sure to label with product name and date.
If frozen, let thaw slowly in the refrigerator.
- Author: Dustin Blakey
Every year I try to plant something I haven't grown before. I skipped raising vegetables this year, but I planted some red abutilons that I bought on a whim so that I would still feel a little bit like a gardener in spite of taking the year off.
The variety I purchased was a patented hybrid called Lucky Lantern Red®. Botanists and lawyers would call these Abutilon x hybrida ‘Nuabred' PP25443, but that name won't sell plants! Abutilons have several common names but “flowering maple” is often used in California. Since most of these common names are just as many syllables as the botanical name I don't tend to use any of them. Abutilons are in the same family as mallow, hibiscus, cotton, and okra. (Malvaceae)
Abutilons were once popular with plant collectors, but less so now. When I was young I usually encountered them as houseplants. I thought they were cool because they often had a virus that causes them to have intriguing, variegated leaf patterns, only I didn't know that was really just a disease symptom. It turns out mosaic viruses are not really a topic covered in middle-school science class.
Maybe this interesting plant is gaining in popularity again. After all, I found it in Bishop of all places! Several recent varieties are on the market that make for colorful additions to landscapes, with bigger and brighter flowers than older types.
We can grow abutilon in our area, but this being the Eastern Sierra, growing it comes with some caveats. For one thing, you can mostly ignore its label. Plant it green-side-up and keep it watered and you'll be fine. Pinching the tips will encourage more branching.
Many members of this family love the heat. Abutilons tend to like it cooler. Bright sun is great, but mine look stressed when the temperature gets above 90°F in the sun. Here's a good rule: abutilons like the same conditions that make tomatoes happiest.
In May, I planted 4 of them. My two plants that get some mild shade in late afternoon are about 2 feet tall and have a somewhat bushy form. They are about the same size as my miniature roses. The one on my shaded porch is OK and looks better than I expected. The plant in full sun all day that gets very hot: not so much. It's about 12” tall and looks a lot like Bill the Cat. All the plants, no matter where they are planted, are covered with pendulous, red flowers about 2-1/2 inches in diameter.
Although whiteflies are not uncommon on abutilons, I haven't seen too many pests on my plants this season, except for the one planted in full shade which has a few, but not enough to fret about. According to the label they are supposed to be pollinator friendly. I haven't seen any insect activity around the flowers, but hummingbirds have been checking them out all summer.
Beside looking a little wilted in the heat of the afternoon, they have mostly been free of problems. The only problem I have seen on all plants is some mild magnesium deficiency.
I'd give abutilon in Owens Valley a passing grade as an annual, but there are better choices if you desire more visual impact.
Don't count on abutilons becoming a permanent fixture in your landscape, but if you're looking for something out-of-the-ordinary that never stops flowering, it may be a good choice as a summer annual in our area if it gets a break from the heat in the afternoons.
_________
* 'Lucky Lantern' is supposed to be hardy to Zone 8. That means in a mild winter it may survive in Lone Pine or points south. Maybe.
- Author: Alison Collin
One of my neighbors in West Bishop noticed a pretty, white-flowered plant that had volunteered on the banks of a ditch that ran through the end of her garden. It had been identified as the extremely poisonous water hemlock, (Cicuta douglasii) and since I was unfamiliar with this particular plant I went to check it out. This is a different plant from poison hemlock (Conium) but it is just as dangerous!
The plants were about 3ft tall and the foliage was a lush green – a picture of health, and not so very different in appearance from celery, but eating this neurotoxin-loaded plant (described by the USDA as "the most violently toxic plant in North America") will cause seizures, convulsions and death as quickly as 15 minutes following consumption. Plant parts remain poisonous even when dried. This species is perennial and has large fleshy roots and although it does grow in the wild around West Bishop, and no doubt many other damp places in the area, it could pose a serious danger to children and pets if allowed to grow in our yards.
The small flowers are produced on umbel-shaped clusters (umbrella shaped), typical of the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae family of plants which is vast and varied, encompassing 434 genera and about 3,700 species and ranging from extremely poisonous plants such as hemlock to popular edibles such as carrots, celery and parsley.
If you see a plant that resembles a carrot that you can't be 100% sure you've identified it correctly, you should avoid eating it. (That is usually a good idea!)
In this case, the neighboring house also had a plant growing and the owners were unaware of it. Most likely the seed heads fall into the ditch and get distributed down-stream. This may result in it becoming more widely distributed and eventually spreading to pastureland, where it could pose a danger to livestock.
This article has information on management of water hemlock and has a convenient comparison between it and poison hemlock: https://extension.oregonstate.edu/crop-production/pastures-forages/poison-hemlock-western-waterhemlock-deadly-plants-may-be-growing .
And the fact sheet attached as a link below has extensive information about this toxic pest.
Western Waterhemlock in the Pacific Northwest
- Author: Alison Collin
Do you agonize over whether a particular fruit is ready to pick?
With the harvest season upon us, it pays to learn which fruits will ripen once picked, and which will not ripen beyond the stage that they had reached when harvested.
Knowing which produce will further ripen will go a long way to preventing the spoilage and wastage of food crops.
Ripening Fruits
Fruits (including those often termed "vegetables" like tomatoes) that continue to ripen are called climacteric. If mature at harvest and kept in ideal conditions, the respiration rate and production of ethylene, a plant hormone, increase leading to pigment and sugar development until the peak of ripeness is reached. After this point the respiration rate drops and the fruit begins to degrade. Maturity is a term describing the point at which a fruit has completed its natural growth and development. This is followed by ripening.
Once mature, climacteric fruits can be encouraged to ripen after harvest if placed in a paper (or other breathable) bag with another riper climacteric fruit such as a banana that releases high levels of ethylene. Ripe apples that do not have a wax coating can also be used for this purpose. Check regularly to make sure that there is no rot, and after a few days the fruit will have ripened.
Occasionally ripening will not occur, most likely because the fruit had not been allowed to develop sufficiently before harvest and was just too immature or the fruit was improperly stored at too cold a temperature.
Climacteric fruits which we may be growing locally include apples, apricots, honeydew melons, nectarines, peaches, plums, pears, persimmons, tomatoes, winter squash. Cantaloupe flesh may soften, but they will not become sweeter.
Non-Ripening Fruits
Non-climacteric fruits do not ripen after harvest, but many often store better after harvest than the climacteric fruits since they are not so actively respiring. These fruits need to be left on the plant to mature and ripen. For example a green bell pepper will not turn red after it is picked.
Non-climacteric fruits include: Bell pepper, berries, figs, grapes, cucumber, eggplant, muskmelon, strawberry, summer squash, watermelon, and most of the common citrus – oranges, lemons, grapefruit and limes.
We will soon be approaching frost season with the attendant rush to harvest our tender vegetables and fruits before they get ruined by one cold night. It pays to know which fruits can picked and left to ripen, and which need to be processed into pickles and jams in order to preserve them for later use. The following links contain information about the storage and slow ripening of popular fruits.
For More Information
Because fruit are such an important item of commerce, there has been extensive research on their post-harvest care. To get a sense of what's known about many common crops, one can peruse UC's Postharvest Research Center. There is a lot there to digest!
Here are some tips for ripening tomatoes indoors.
How to harvest and store winter squash.
Harvesting and storing apples or pears.
Of course, you can also contact your local UC Master Gardeners for more information. The Inyo-Mono Master Gardeners can be reached at immg@ucanr.edu or on Facebook.
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