Test PB Collection: FTE

These herbicides applied as preemergence or postemergence in different cropping systems, landscape and ornamental, industrial use, and aquatic setting. In general, they are active on broadleaf weeds but control selected grasses.

Herbicides in this group prevent cell division primarily in developing root tips and are only effective on some germinating broadleaves and selected grasses.

Glycines (glyphosate) are herbicides that inhibit 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, which is involved in the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids.

This category contains miscellaneous products for which the mode of action and family are unknown. These herbicides are used in field crops, orchards, aquatic settings, vegetation management, and general pest control.

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) is an enzyme in the chloroplast cell that oxidizes protoporphyrinogen IX (PPGIX) to produce protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). PPIX is important because it is a precursor molecule for both chlorophyll (needed for photosynthesis) and heme (needed for electron transfer chains).

Glufosinate is the only commercialized glutamine synthetase herbicide in the United States. Glufosinate belongs to phosphinic acid chemistry. It is a broad-spectrum postemergent herbicide that controls most annual grasses and broadleaves.

(not ACCase Inhibition) Herbicides in this mode of action are most effective on annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds. In general, these herbicides are applied preplanting or preemergence and incorporated into the soil.

Long Chain Fatty Acid Inhibitors are preemergent herbicides that are used to control annual grasses and some small-seeded broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops. They do not control or seriously damage emerging plants.

Microtubule Inhibitors are generally applied preemergence to control annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds in many crops and turf grass. These herbicides are absorbed by both roots and shoots of emerging seedlings but are not readily translocated.

PSI Electron Diverters are primarily nontranslocated herbicides that are light activated. These are relatively nonselective chemicals used to control all existing vegetation and as preharvest desiccants. PSI Electron Diverters belong to bipyridylium chemistry.