- (Focus Area) Health
- Author: Pamela S Kan-Rice
Modifying Farm Bill could reduce barriers to SNAP for students and improve nutrition
Inadequate access to food can harm college students' health and academic performance. A recent University of California research study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior investigated why UC students who are eligible for the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) – the nation's largest food assistance program – do not receive the benefit.
“Based on our study findings, eliminating the extra requirements for college students to qualify for SNAP would go a long way in ensuring that more eligible students get the support they need to meet their basic food needs,” said study coauthor Lorrene Ritchie, director of the UC Nutrition Policy Institute, which is part of UC Agriculture and Natural Resources.
A 2015 study by NPI found four in 10 UC students didn't have enough money to buy sufficient food for a healthy lifestyle. To promote better health, UC has taken steps to ensure students are aware of SNAP, established campus food pantries and other basic needs resources.
"In California, SNAP is known as CalFresh and despite policies and communication to improve college students' access to CalFresh, participation remains low, with approximately 78% of those eligible not receiving benefits," said lead study author Suzanna M. Martinez, associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UC San Francisco.
For insight on why low-income UC students aren't receiving the benefits, Martinez, Ritchie and colleagues at UC San Francisco and Nutrition Policy Institute consulted county agencies that process student CalFresh applications. The researchers interviewed county staff in nine counties that are home to UC campuses: Alameda, Los Angeles, Merced, Orange, Riverside, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Yolo.
While CalFresh benefits have mainly been paid by the federal government through the Farm Bill, counties contribute and county agencies are responsible for implementing policies, determining eligibility, processing applications and distributing funds.
“With the Farm Bill still up for reauthorization, these findings could provide insight into how to strengthen SNAP policy related to eligible students,” Martinez said.
The researchers conducted focus groups and interviews with county staff to determine how agency workers interpret the complex criteria for students to meet CalFresh eligibility.
Their questions focused on how students' applications differed from those of community members, steps taken when processing student applications, student-specific training and suggested improvements to the process.
Five central themes were identified in the interviews:
- More consistent policy dissemination and program administration is needed
- Student exemptions and the application process are perceived as challenges for students
- Key supports for successful student applications include carefully reviewing applications for potential exemptions, providing useful resources to students, and campus partnerships
- Tracking policy changes is burdensome
- Eliminating student rules and treating students as regular clients would be more equitable
The researchers found that CalFresh rules are challenging for students as well as the county agency staff.
Also, eligibility requirements, written over 50 years ago, are based on the assumption that college students are supported by middle-class families.
The research supports simplifying the student CalFresh process to increase participation for eligible students, especially for historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and low-income students for whom equitable access to CalFresh benefits is critical.
“Once students get confused or don't know what they need to do, they don't follow through with their application,” one CalFresh eligibility worker told the researchers.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, some federal and state requirements were waived or relaxed for students.
“The timing of this study resulted in a natural experiment since COVID-19-related SNAP modifications streamlined the student application process and reduced administrative burden,” Martinez noted. “These modifications alleviated some challenges discussed by county workers, confirming existing opinions to eliminate the student rules.”
Ritchie said, “We hope our research informs policy to remove some of the barriers so students no longer have as much difficulty getting the food they need.”
This study was funded by the California State Legislature, which provided funding to the University of California to address students' basic needs (UC Basic Needs Initiative).
/h3>- Author: Ricardo A. Vela
UC ANR volunteers are estimated to make about 2 million public contacts annually (data prior to COVID-19) through activities where they promote research-based information from UC ANR experts.
Since 2018, one of UC ANR's goals has been for academics to develop and manage projects that allow volunteers to lead, with the intention of strengthening volunteer engagement.
Miner emphasized that the search for volunteers is continuous. However, due to the diversity of UC ANR's state programs and the strategic locations of UC Cooperative Extension, attracting the right people is not a difficult task.
But who are the right people to volunteer at UC ANR?
The ideal candidate is any adult willing to contribute to improve the lives of Californians. "Collaborating with UC ANR is a lot of fun and rewarding, as you have the opportunity to return to the community what it has given us and often help families who desperately need some support," said Miner.
Volunteering challenges
As the population in California moves from rural to urban areas, low-income families face disadvantaged situations. As a result, 6.8 million people live below the poverty level. This represents 1 in 6 California residents.
Latinos are one ethnic group hit harder by this problem. In California, 40% of the population is of Latino origin, yet the economic and social disparity is a sad reality for many of these families. Latinos comprise 51.4% of the population living
below the poverty level, which is why UC ANR maintains as one of its objectives to help these families through the available programs. To successfully achieve this objective, it is vital to have volunteers who are not only bilingual but also bicultural.
Juan Jiménez and his wife Michele are two of thousands of volunteers who collaborate with UC ANR. Both participate in the 4-H youth development program in Riverside County. They know the importance of being bilingual and bicultural. They also know firsthand the reward of volunteering. "Volunteering makes me feel human and that I'm contributing to the community and my family," Juan said.
For Michele, volunteering for the community she lives in is natural. “Since I was a child, I have been a volunteer; my parents instilled in me the service to our community, our church,” she said. “To me, it is a very normal and satisfying thing.”
Every year in April, not-for-profit organizations everywhere in the country celebrate and recognize the work of those tireless people who dedicate their free time to the benefit of others. UC ANR joins them, and from the bottom of our hearts, we say:
Thank you, Volunteers!
- Author: Brianna Aguayo Villalon
- Editor: Lorrene Ritchie
- Contributor: Marisa M Tsai
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, known as WIC, offers nutrition support to diverse populations. The Cash Value Benefit (CVB) for fruits and vegetables, is a key component of the WIC food packages that accommodates diverse cultural, racial, and ethnic preferences by offering flexibility in fruit and vegetable choices. In response to exacerbated health disparities and decreased food security during the COVID-19 pandemic, the US Department of Agriculture increased the CVB from $9 per month per child to the current amount of $26 per month per child. Study researchers assessed the impact of CVB augmentation on CVB redemption, household food security, fruit and vegetable intake, and satisfaction among participating caretakers in California's WIC program by race and ethnicity. A prospective cohort study across three survey waves from pre-augmentation to post-augementation among a diverse sample of participating caregivers was conducted. Study results demonstrated significant improvements in CVB redemption, household food security, and satisfaction across all racial and ethnic groups following the increases in CVB. Larger increases in satisfaction were found among non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic English-speaking participants compared to other groups. Researchers suggest that continued augmentation of CVB, and further research into factors influencing CVB redemption and its effects on WIC participation could help improve health outcomes across the diverse WIC population. The study was conducted by Nutrition Policy Institute researchers Marisa Tsai and Lorrene Ritchie, Christopher Anderson, Shannon Whaley, and Catherine Yepez from Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE)-WIC, and Lauren Au from the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis.
- Author: Michael Hsu
Líderes y jóvenes del programa 4-H en un taller para certificarse como instructores de MyPI
El programa nacional MyPI (Iniciativa para la Preparación) de Extensión de la Universidad de Mississippi, incluyó, por primera vez a nivel nacional, a jóvenes en la capacitación para la certificación de instructores adultos en la preparación para emergencias. Estos jóvenes son de California y pertenecen al Programa 4-H
Según expertos, la preparación de civiles, incluyendo a jóvenes, para responder durante emergencias causadas especialmente por desastres naturales, tiene el potencial de agilizar las tareas de rescate y salvar vidas.
El programa nacional MyPI se asoció con el Programa de Desarrollo Juvenil 4-H de California el pasado mes de octubre para entrenar al primer grupo estatal de instructores, quienes se encargarán de capacitar a su vez a jóvenes estudiantes en los próximos meses.
El esfuerzo por capacitar a los jóvenes sobre preparación para emergencias continúa creciendo y es algo que se está estableciendo en California.
Con el norte de California como catalizador, los organizadores planean expandir el programa a todo el estado, según manifestó Nate Caeton, asesor del programa 4-H para los condados de Shasta, Tehama y Trinity.
“Si te fijas en las investigaciones, todos se ven afectados por los desastres, pero los jóvenes aún más, por varias razones – ya sea porque no entienden completamente lo que sucede o no tienen la misma experiencia o capacidades como los adultos”, indicó Caeton, quien es el administrador de MyPI en California. “Pero esto da un gran salto para abordarlo”.
California es el vigésimo octavo programa estatal/territorial que se asocia con el equipo nacional de MyPI para capacitar instructores –y el primero en permitir la participación de jóvenes en el taller para instructores de tres días.
De los once participantes afiliados a 4-H que completaron el entrenamiento de octubre en Red Bluff, cinco son adolescentes. El taller, dirigido por los instructores de MyPI nacional, incluyó el contenido del Equipo Comunitario de Respuesta en Emergencias (CERT, por sus siglas en inglés), creado por la Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias, conocida como FEMA – el cual abarca las operaciones médicas, seguridad en incendios, búsquedas y rescates de bajo nivel, psicología durante desastres y más.
“Al final del día 1, los instructores ya comentaban sobre el nivel de madurez de los adolescentes que asistieron”, dijo Caeton. “Han llevado a cabo este entrenamiento durante mucho tiempo y quedaron definitivamente impresionados– eso habla mucho de nuestros jóvenes”.
Bodie, un estudiante de noveno grado del condado de Shasta, mencionó que el taller de MyPI en California le ofreció una nueva perspectiva del papel y responsabilidades que juega su padre como jefe de batallón de CAL FIRE.
“Fue una clase genial, una experiencia genial”, agregó Bodie, quien participó en la capacitación junto con sus dos hermanos. “Fue un curso de 30 horas – muy largo realmente, pero muy divertido; hubo mucho aprendizaje práctico”.
Katy Zulliger, la madre de Bodie, también obtuvo la certificación como instructora durante el taller. Ella señaló que, en la ciudad de Redding y las comunidades de toda la región, todavía se vive de manera considerable el trauma causado por los devastadores incendios del 2018 – conocidos como Carr y Camp. Zulliger dijo que el educar y preparar al público – incluyendo a los jóvenes – será algo crucial para poder enfrentar futuros retos.
“Hay mucho que puede suceder por aquí – desde terremotos, incendios, inundaciones y deslaves y la lista continua…hasta, si vives en el I-5, la potencial volcadura y derrame de camiones cisterna”, explicó. “Es inteligente que los chicos aprendan a pensar con originalidad”.
Bodie señaló que el taller lo ha hecho más consciente de sus entornos y planes potenciales de contingencia.
“Cuando voy al pueblo, en realidad pienso sobre los que pudiera pasar en diferentes escenarios – por ejemplo, posiblemente un terremoto o una situación con un tirador activo – y me pregunto, ‘¿Qué harías? ¿Como responderías?'”, expresó Bodie, quien está pensando en cursar una carrera de socorrista.
Los jóvenes tienen una voz y una función en impulsar la resiliencia
Las habilidades y conocimientos obtenidos en el programa MyPI pueden preparar a los jóvenes para convertirse en líderes entre sus compañeros y toda la comunidad, cuando lleguen las emergencias.
“Los chicos pueden realmente usar esto y comprometerse – en lugar de solo ver o grabar videos”, manifestó Zulliger, un voluntario de 4-H que ha servido como líder de club en el programa 4-H de Palo Cedro. “Tienen una voz y pueden usarla positivamente”.
Sus hijos – y los otros dos adolescentes que completaron el taller – ayudarán a los instructores adultos a organizar e impartir un curso de MyPI de 10 a 12 semanas para jóvenes en sus comunidades. Como parte del programa, tentativamente programado para iniciar en el norte de California durante el verano del 2024, los jóvenes participantes tienen como requisito trabajar con sus familias en la creación de un plan de comunicación en caso de emergencias, armar un equipo para desastres y trabajar con otros seis hogares para realizar preparaciones similares.
“Eso los hace sentirse responsables de su propia preparación, la de su familia y de todos aquellos cercanos a ellos”, explicó Caeton.
De acuerdo con Caeton, al aliarse con escuelas, los clubes 4-H y grupos comunitarios se han puesto la meta de impartir el programa a 125 jóvenes en los cinco condados del norte de California para el 2025 – antes de extender la participación a todo el estado.
“Espero que nos propaguemos como flores silvestres, porque es algo que definitivamente se necesita”, agregó Zulliger said.
Adaptado al español por Leticia Irigoyen del artículo en inglés. Editado para su publicación por Diana Cervantes
A recent Spring 2024 issue of the California Bountiful magazine, features Nutrition Policy Institute's collaborative research with Impact Justice and ChangeLab Solutions on their Farm to Corrections California project. The article titled, “Program benefits inmates, small farms and local economies,” by Linda DuBois highlights the initiative created from the project, “Harvest of the Month.” This initiative supports local agriculture and nutrition promotion, individual well-being, and equitable access to fresh, diverse food options within the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prisons. Learn more about the program in this news story.