The current emphasis on water-wise gardening has created an interest in succulents. All succulents are able to store water and food in their leaves, stems and roots. These stored nutrients can be released when needed. This makes them drought tolerant. Succulents require good drainage, deep but intermittent water, bright light, and good air circulation. The soil should be open and airy with low organic matter.
Because many purchased succulents are unmarked, while others are given by friends as cuttings, it can be difficult to know the genus of a particular plant. This is especially the case because the genera of Echeveria, Sempervivum, and Graptopetalum are similar in appearance. However, careful observation will aid in identifying succulents. First, look to see if the succulent is spiky or chubby, and whether it forms rosettes. What is the shape of the leaves? Look at size, texture, and color. Notice if offsets hang from the edges of a rosette, or attach to its center.
Sempervivums are native to Europe. Their value as talismans is reflected in their name semper (always) and vivus (living). This reputation comes from their ability to survive in freezing weather while their leaves stay green. Sempervivums are commonly called Houseleeks or Hen and Chickens. Open rosettes range from one to five inches across and form clumps to two feet or wider. The leaves of Sempervivum are narrower than those of Echeveria, they have pointy tips, andaregray-green to red-brown in color. Small pink, red, or orange star-shaped flowers arise on fleshy stems to 10 inches tall. These succulents reproduce from offsets attached to a stolon (a stem that can take root).The stolon breaks easily, allowing the tiny offsets to roll away before forming roots.
Graptopetalum are native to South America. These succulents are so closely related to Echeveria that they hybridize to form the intergeneric hybrid x Graptoveria. The rosettes are two to five inches in diameter and have gently pointed chubby leaves, noticeably thicker than those of Echeveria. The rosettes grow at the tips of ever-lengthening stems, creating a low cascading grouping about 12 inches tall. Commonly called Mexican Ghost Plant, their leaves are a pale, chalky, ghostlike gold or green. With partial shade and regular water the color changes to a mauve blue. The flowers are star-shaped, large, white-and-red or yellow and one-quarter of an inch in diameter. They bloom in spring and early summer. Graptopetalum reproduces by rosettes that break off and root.
When looking at “mystery” succulents think in terms of leaf shape, color, and thickness. Then look to see if there are offsets. Are the offsets located on stolons or attached to a main stem? Watch for flowers and see if they are bell shaped or star shaped. All of these characteristics will provide information about the genus of the “mystery” succulent.
Table for identifying Echeveria, Sempervivum, and Graptopetalum:
Characteristics of common varieties |
Echeveria |
Sempervivum |
Graptopetalum |
Origin |
North & South America |
Europe |
South America |
Rosette size |
3/4”-20” diameter |
1”-5” diameter |
2”-5” diameter |
Offset Spread |
spread from a main stem |
clumping, stolon held |
rosettes break off from root |
Leaves |
thick & spoon-like |
narrow & pointy |
thickest & rounded |
Leaf color |
gray-green, bluish |
gray-green, red-brown |
chalky gold or green |
Flower shape |
bell shaped |
star shaped |
star shaped |
Flower color |
white, orange, pink, red |
red, yellow, pink |
white/red, yellow |
Flower growth pattern |
on stem amidst leaves |
on stolon from center |
stem from center |
Common name |
Hen & Chicks |
Hen & Chicks |
Ghost plant |
Table created by Barbara Ott
UC Master Gardeners of Butte County are part of the University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) system. To learn more about us and our upcoming events, and for help with gardening in our area visit our website. If you have a gardening question or problem, email the Hotline at mgbutte@ucanr.edu or leave a phone message on our Hotline at 530-552-5812. To speak to a Master Gardener about a gardening issue, or to drop by the MG office during Hotline hours, see the most current information on our Ask Us section of our website.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
Nicknamed the Biological Orchard and Gardens (BOG), it still contains the heritage fruit trees and mini-gardens, but one landscaped section that used to showcase phacelia, lupine, tidy tips, desert bell, baby blue eyes and other bee plants is now a haven for cacti and succulents.
"We just recently made a succulent garden," related Marlene Simon, curator of the UC Davis Botanical Conservatory and a UC Davis alumna. "We needed to move our large cacti collection and figured it would be nice for the public to see it. We plan to add more succulents such as agaves in the near future. It was going to be the Mediterranean section but we have moved that to the area next to the South African section."
BOG has been described as a living museum. The orchard contains heritage fruit tree varieties threatened with commercial extinction. They include the Gravenstein and Johnathan apples; the Suncrest peach; the Bleinheim apricot, the Mariposa plum and the Meyer lemon.
"Her home away from home is the magical UC Davis Botanical Conservatory...Here Marlene grows and cares for over 3,000 species of the world's most exotic/rare plants and flowers. In her spare time between appearing on Good Day Sacramento and work at the Conservatory, she guest lectures on all topics of organic gardening. As a fervent animal lover, Marlene donates her expertise to establish a wildlife garden at a regional non-profit wildlife center. When not immersed in the plant world, she can be found training daily for her next adventure, spanning from mountaineering to triathlon."
BOG is located in front (or back) of the Mann Laboratory on Kleiber Hall Drive, depending on which way you're going! If you park in Lot 26, off Kleiber Hall Drive, it's a short walk down the sidewalk to BOG.
- Author: Anne Schellman
Our Succulent Gardening Workshop is happening just in time to make the perfect gift for Mother's Day for your mother, grandmother, favorite aunt, or someone in your life you'd like to honor. Giving an experience is a unique way to show someone you care.
Attendees will learn how to identify succulents, care for them, and create a succulent design an adorable, hand-made, wooden box. There will be plenty of succulent cuttings, so bring a bag with you to take as many home as you'd like!
When: Saturday, May 6, 2023 from 9:00 a.m. -12:00 pm
Cost: $25
Space is limited, register now at https://ucanr.edu/succulent/workshop/2023
- Author: Anne Schellman
Did you know? All cacti are succulents, but not all succulents are cacti?
This class will focus on the non-spiny succulent plants that can be grown in our area, especially those that use less water - and there are a lot to choose from! During this workshop with the UCCE Master Gardeners of Stanislaus County, you'll learn the names of common succulent plants, their sun and water requirements, and how to care for them.
We will also share tips and tricks for making more succulents to share with friends. Last, you'll create your own succulent wooden planter box to take home, along with succulent cuttings to use in your landscape. You will want to bring a bag to take them all home!
When: Saturday, May 6, 2023 from 9:00 a.m. -12:00 pm
Cost: $25
Space is limited, register now at https://ucanr.edu/succulent/workshop/2023
Did you know? All cacti are succulents, but not all succulents are cacti?
This class will focus on the non-spiny succulent plants that can be grown in our area, especially those that use less water - and there are a lot to choose from! During class you'll learn the names of common succulent plants, their sun and water requirements, and how to care for them. Classes last approximately 90 minutes.
Stanislaus County Libraries – Gardening with Succulents Classes
Tuesday, October 4, 2022 at 6:00 p.m. – Salida Library
Saturday, October 15, 2022 at 2:00 p.m. – Riverbank Library
Monday, October 10, 2022 at 6:00 p.m. – Ceres Library
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 at 6:00 p.m. – Oakdale Library
Monday, October 24, 2022 at 6:15 p.m. – Modesto Library
Wednesday, October 26, 2022 at 6:00 p.m. – Turlock Library
Stanislaus County Agricultural Center, Harvest Hall, Gardening with Succulents Workshop
Cost: $25
Space is limited, register now at https://ucanr.edu/succulent/workshop/2022
Turlock Community Gardens – Drip Irrigation
Saturday, October 15, 2022 from 9:00-10:30 a.m.
Want to know more about how drip irrigation works? Come learn from our Master Gardener who will give you an overview. Bring your questions!
Patterson Library – Composting Basics
Wednesday, October 12, 2022 at 2:30 p.m.
If you missed our composting classes held at other libraries, you still have a chance to take this one! Learn the basics of composting, including the difference between “greens” and “browns,” what you can and can't compost, and simple tricks for being successful. Plus, one lucky person will take home a free compost bin!
*no need to register for Stanislaus County Library or Turlock Community Garden Classes. Just come. We look forward to meeting you!
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