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Posts Tagged: UC Davis Department of Entomology and nematology
From Butterfly Research to High-Sugar Diet Research
What does butterfly metamorphosis have to do with high-sugar diet research? Well, you never know where research will take you. UC Davis distinguished professor Bruce Hammock, who holds a joint appointment with the Department of Entomology and...
UC Davis distinguished professor Bruce Hammock (seated) with Jun-Yan Liu, professor at Chongqing Medical University, China, and a former research scientist (7.5 years) in the Hammock lab.
This 2010 image of Jun-Yan Liu shows him as a postdoctoral fellow working in the Bruce Hammock lab. He is now a professor at Chongqing Medical University, China. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
This archived image (2018) shows UC Davis distinguished professor Bruce Hammock (seated) with Hammock lab researcher Sung Hee Hwang (center) and former Hammock lab researcher Guodong Zhang, now on the UC Davis Department of Nutrition faculty. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Entomologist Jeff Smith: The Master Builder of Insect Specimen Drawers
When you slide open the butterfly and moth drawers at the Bohart Museum of Entomology, UC Davis, the color, size and shape of the specimens fascinate you. And then you notice how they are stored--in intricate wooden drawers made by entomologist and...
Jeff Smith, curator of the Lepidoptera collection at the Bohart Museum, stands by the drawers he crafted. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
The Bohart Museum drawers are intricately crafted. This one is of pine. Curator Jeff Smith has crafted and donated 2,487 of them for the Bohart Museum of Entomology. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Close-up of a drawer in the Lepidoptera collection, Bohart Museum of Entomology. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Franco: Deciphering Soil Macrobiome and Ecosystem Responses to Global Change
It promises to be an outstanding seminar. André Custodio Franco, assistant professor, Indiana University, Bloomington, will speak on "Deciphering the Soil Macrobiome: Belowground Communities Driving Ecosystem Responses to Global Change" at a...
What's up with soil and global change? Andre Franco of Indiana University will speak on "Deciphering the Soil Macrobiome: Belowground Communities Driving Ecosystem Responses to Global Change" at 4:10 p.m., Monday, Nov. 18 in 122 Briggs Hall. It also will be on Zoom and then archived. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Extreme weather accelerates nitrate pollution in groundwater
Extreme weather spurred by climate change, including droughts and heavy rains, may increase the risk of nitrates from fertilizers ending up in groundwater, according to a recent study from researchers at the University of California, Davis. The study found heavy rains after a drought caused nitrates to seep 33 feet under farm fields in as little as 10 days. The study was published in Water Resources Research.
“The conventional wisdom was that it could take several weeks to years for nitrates to move from the crop root zones to reach groundwater,” said corresponding author Isaya Kisekka, a professor in the Departments of Land, Air and Water Resources and Biological and Agricultural Engineering. “We found these extreme events, such as California's atmospheric rivers, are going to move nitrate more quickly.”
In this study, different methods were used to measure how much nitrate, a component of nitrogen fertilizer, was seeping down through the soil in a tomato and cucumber crop near Esparto, California. Scientists conducted their research from 2021 until 2023 when California was experiencing periods of drought followed by atmospheric rivers. They measured nitrate during both the growing seasons and the rainy seasons.
Drought can leave more nitrogen in soil
Previous studies have shown about 40% of nitrogen fertilizer used for vegetables isn't absorbed by the plants but remains in the soil. During droughts, crops don't use nitrogen efficiently, leading to excess nitrogen in the soil. This study found that if a drought is then followed by heavy rainfall, that sudden burst of water causes nitrate to seep in groundwater more quickly. The nitrate concentration in the shallow groundwater exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water.
“In California, we often say we swing between droughts and floods,” said Kisekka. “These extreme events that come with climate change are going to make the risk of these chemicals ending up in our drinking water much more severe.”
Groundwater is the primary source of drinking water for most of California's Central Valley. In some regions, such as the Tulare Lake Basin, nearly one-third of drinking and irrigation wells exceed the EPA's safe nitrate level. High nitrate levels in drinking water can increase health risks, especially for young children. It may also increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Need for real-time soil nitrate monitoring
Central Valley farmers are required to report to the Regional Water Board how much nitrogen they applied to their field and how much was removed as part of the crop's yield. The study compared different ways of monitoring when nitrate from fertilizers seep into groundwater. Kisekka said the results highlight the need for affordable, real-time soil nitrate monitoring tools to help farmers manage fertilizer use efficiently.
By using conservation practices that limit leftover nitrates in the crop's root zone after harvest, farmers can help reduce nitrate contamination in groundwater.
This study's data will also help improve a model called SWAT, which is used to track nitrate seepage into groundwater across California's Central Valley. This effort is part of the Central Valley Water Board's program to regulate irrigated farmlands.
Other UC Davis authors include Iael Raij Hoffman, Thomas Harter and Helen Dahlke.
The study was supported by the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service through its Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The national project is designed to assess the effectiveness of conservation practices across different watersheds. The study also had support from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
Why Phoenix Is the Place to Be Nov. 10-13
Phoenix is the place to be Nov. 10-13. That's the site of the Entomological Society of America's annual meeting, with thousands of entomologists descending upon the city and the Phoenix Convention Center (PCC). And UC Davis entomologists will be...
The UC Davis Entomology Graduate Student Association (EGSA) will be selling its member-designed t-shirts at the ESA meeting in Phoenix. Iris Quayle (left) of the Jason Bond lab, and Mia Lippey of the Meineke lab, will be giving presentations and also staffing the EGSA table. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Doctoral student Grace Horne, who studies with urban landscape entomologist Emily Meineke, will present the Environmental Entomology’s People’s Choice Runner-up presentation at the ESA meeting. It's titled "Specialist Herbivore Performance on Introduced Plants during Native Host Decline."
