- (Focus Area) Yard & Garden
A new season of Master Gardener Workshops is about to start! The series begins September 9th with a session on Neighborhood Habitat Certification, and concludes on December 3rd with a timely workshop on Perennial Vegetable Gardening. In all, this Fall Series totals 14 workshops, including three new topics. There is something here for every type of gardener and every size of home garden, whether you maintain a balcony of plants in containers or produce fruit and vegetables on a large plot for your family, friends and neighbors. For full descriptions of all the workshops and to register, visit our website,
In the months to come, the foundational skills of creating soil-enriching compost; propagating plants through cuttings and divisions; and preparing the garden for winter will be covered. If you are interested in learning fundamental principles of landscape design you can employ in your own garden, our new two-part series on that topic may be just what you've been waiting for.
A new workshop on cultivating perennial vegetables offers a wealth of possibilities for planting vegetables that come back every year, saving labor and introducing new varieties to consider for extra interest in the vegetable garden.
If you are planning to convert all or some of your lawn area to a low-water landscape alive with native plants and humming with beneficial pollinators, our workshop on How to Remove Your Lawn will provide the valuable information you need for this process, from methods of lawn removal through the eventual planting of low water and native plants.
Critters commonly found in our local gardens feature prominently in this Fall Workshop Series, from beneficial visitors (Native Bees, Bats) to unwelcome intruders (Gophers, Moles, and Voles). Learn how to support pollinators and other native wildlife by making your own yard count in the effort to conserve water resources and rebuild local wildlife corridors in our workshop led by the coordinator of Altacal Audubon's Certified Neighborhood Habitat Program.
For the other side of the coin (those unwelcome intruders) our workshop on the basics of Integrated Pest Management focuses on solving pest problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment.
Most of the workshops will be held in the outdoor classroom located in the Master Gardener Demonstration Garden or inside Pat's Barn; both are located at the Patrick Ranch (10381 Midway, between Chico and Durham). The workshops on neighborhood habitat certification and native bees will be will be held in Paradise, at the Terry Ash Center on Skyway; and the Garden Guide workshop will be held at the Plant Barn Nursery on Entler Avenue in Chico. All of the workshops will take place in the morning or early afternoon.
The following is a list of workshop topics and dates. All workshops are free, but they do require advance registration. For full workshop descriptions and to register, visit our website.
Neighborhood Habitat Certification (Monday 9/9). Learn how to make your own yard part of a larger movement to conserve valuable water resources and rebuild much-needed wildlife corridors.
Propagation (Saturday 9/21). Come to learn when and how to propagate woody perennials and divide plants; leave this workshop with plant cuttings from our Demonstration Garden to start at home.
Irrigation (Tuesday 9/24). Drip irrigation is arguably the most efficient method of providing water to trees, crops, gardens, and landscapes. This workshop provides an overview of different options available for drip irrigation systems and covers how to install, inspect, troubleshoot, and repair them.
How to Remove Your Lawn (Thursday 9/26). Learn the steps of killing lawn through sheet mulching or soil solarization, and the process of replanting an area with low water and native plants. A walk through our Demonstration Garden will provide plenty of inspiration.
Gophers, Moles, and Voles (Wednesday 10/9). Learn how to deal with these little monsters that plague our yards; this workshop will include a demonstration on how to set a gopher trap.
Integrated Pest Management (Tuesday 10/15). In this interactive class learn the basics of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) so you can solve your pest problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment.
It's a Wrap! Autumn Garden Cleanup, Winter Prep and Preservation (Saturday 10/19). This workshop/discussion delves into some essential steps to ensure that next year's garden is even more successful.
Composting (Friday 10/25). Learn to make wonderful soil-enriching compost from leaves, garden waste, and kitchen scraps. This workshop covers the different ways to create compost, using techniques that range from simple to complex. Knowing the choices can help you decide which style best fits your own resources and needs.
How to Use Our Garden Guide (Saturday 10/26). Join us to explore how to us our Butte County Garden Guide and Three-Year Journal to find the best times to perform seasonal and weekly garden tasks, as well as useful information on plants, climate, and soil for our region. An integral part of this workshop is using the Garden Guide to record lessons learned and keep track of useful plant and weather information for your garden over the years.
Landscape Design (Thursday 11/7 and Thursday 11/14). Learn the steps that professionals use to develop beautiful, cohesive, lower maintenance planting designs.
Bats (Saturday 11/16). Join our local bat expert, Butte College's Dr. Shahroukh Mistry, to learn everything you've always wanted to know about these fascinating creatures.
Native Bees (Monday 11/18). Did you know that 1600 species of native bees can be found in California? This workshop focuses on a few of them: bumblebees, leaf cutting bees, mason bees, and carpenter bees. Understanding the bees' lifespans and their plant and habitat needs will help you support these valuable pollinators.
DECEMBER
Perennial Vegetable Gardening (Tuesday 12/3). Learn the differences between perennial and annual vegetables, then delve into how to cultivate perennial vegetables. Thirty-five of the best perennial vegetables for our local gardens will be introduced. Why not explore new plants and reduce your gardening labor?
Our Butte County Garden Guide and Three-Year Journal is available in two versions: bound as a book and unbound, ready to add to a loose-leaf binder. It can be found at the Plant Barn Nursery (406 Entler Avenue, Chico), Magnolia Gift and Garden (1367 East Avenue, Chico), and Pat's Barn at the Patrick Ranch Museum (10381 Midway, Durham). They can be ordered online via our website.
UC Master Gardeners of Butte County are part of the University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) system. To learn more about us and our upcoming events, and for help with gardening in our area visit our website. If you have a gardening question or problem, email the Hotline at mgbutte@ucanr.edu or leave a phone message on our Hotline at 530-552-5812. To speak to a Master Gardener about a gardening issue, or to drop by the MG office during Hotline hours, see the most current information on our Ask Us section of our website.
Fleas can be found on pets year-round, but populations tend to increase dramatically in spring and summer when temperatures are warmer. Larvae develop rapidly in areas where temperatures reach 70° to 90°F. Fleas are a major concern for pet owners as they can give dogs and cats tapeworms, but they can also transmit flea-borne typhus to people and spread plague to wild animals like ground squirrels. These blood-sucking pests can be introduced to backyards from feral cats, squirrels, opossums, and other wildlife.
To learn more about fleas, the diseases they can spread, and their management, check out the recording of UC IPM's Urban & Community IPM Webinar from June 2024 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-w7J6mkTeM. You'll hear from flea expert Dr. Laura Krueger of the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District on how you can protect yourself and pets from fleas.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
Photographers call the first hour after dawn and the last hour before dusk "The Golden Hour."
That's when the sunlight is softer and warmer.
It's also called "The Magic Hour."
Compare that to high noon, when the sun casts such strong highlights and shadows on the subject that even images of Miss Universe and Miss America look harsh.
Now if you photograph a golden honey bee during The Golden Hour, the world looks even warmer and softer.
But use the term, Golden Hour, figuratively. As Wikipedia explains: "The term hour is used figuratively; the effect has no clearly defined duration and varies according to season and latitude. The character of the lighting is determined by the sun's altitude, and the time for the sun to move from the horizon to a specified altitude depends on a location's latitude and the time of year. In Los Angeles, California, at an hour after sunrise or an hour before sunset, the sun has an altitude of about 10–12°. For a location closer to the Equator, the same altitude is reached in less than an hour, and for a location farther from the equator, the altitude is reached in more than one hour. For a location sufficiently far from the equator, the sun may not reach an altitude of 10°, and the golden hour lasts for the entire day in certain seasons."
The honey bee (below), foraging on a blanket flower, Gaillardia, couldn't discuss Golden Hours, seasons, latitude and longitude with you. But she knows how to return to her colony (which could be five miles away) and how to communicate with the other bees. And that, too, is Golden.
![A honey bee foraging on Gaillardia during The Golden Hour in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) A honey bee foraging on Gaillardia during The Golden Hour in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108306.jpg)
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
In its larval stage, it's a pest of cole crops.
As an adult, it's like a little Cinderella.
That would be the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae.
In the fairy tale, a ragged Cinderella lives with her selfish stepmother and two mean stepsisters. Cinderella wants to attend the palace ball, but has nothing appropriate to wear. So her fairy godmother waves a magic wand and transforms her into a beautifully gowned princess, complete with glass slippers. She rides in a magnificent carriage pulled by a team of beautiful horses, dances with the prince, and at the stroke of midnight (when the magic ends), she loses a glass slipper. You know the rest. It all ends with Cinderella and the prince exchanging marriage vows and living happily after.
This butterfly appears in the spotlight every January when UC Davis emeritus professor Art Shapiro hosts his annual "Beer for a Butterfly" contest. Collect the first live butterfly of the year in the three-county area of Sacramento, Yolo and Solano and win a pitcher of beer. (See Bug Squad blog) It's all part of his scientific research long-term studies of butterfly life cycles and climate change.
Meanwhile, we see the cabbage white butterfly fluttering around the garden throughout most of the year, stopping for a little nectar here, a little nectar there.
She still reminds us of Cinderella, with a long flowing gown. Sometimes she looks a little ragged when a predator snatches part of her gown. But her magic never seems to end.
![A cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, nectaring on lavender in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) A cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, nectaring on lavender in a Vacaville garden. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108305.jpg)
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
The bees.
When longtime beekeeper and retired teacher Ettamarie Peterson displayed a bee observation hive at the Vacaville Museum Guild's Children's Party, the youngsters, ages 3 to 9, got a taste of what it's like inside a bee colony--along with a taste of honey.
The youngsters singled out the queen bee, worker bees (females) and drones (males). They asked such questions as "Where's the queen?" and "Can they get out and hurt me?" and "How many bees are in there?"
Ettamarie, known as the "Queen Bee of Sonoma County," described the queen and pointed out "Look, she's laying eggs--she can lay 1000 eggs a day."
And she assured them that yes, the bees would be staying inside.
"I like to tell the public how they have a pipe through my barn wall so when they are not visiting events and schools they can fly if they are over three weeks old and then explain how in the spring and summer they live only three or so more weeks and make just a tiny bit of honey," she related. "Another question I usually get asked is if there are more than one queen and then I explain how there can be a daughter queen if the old one is about to die and show the photo of the queen cell with the royal jelly."
As for the number of bees, "Maybe 2000 but I told a guy on Saturday to count their legs and divide by 6!"
Ettamarie taught school for 37 years, has kept bees for 30 years, and has volunteered as the leader of a 4-H beekeeping project for the Liberty 4-H Club, Petaluma, for the past 25 years. Already this year she has caught 19 swarms and given them to the 4-H'ers.
Ettamarie said she "started beekeeping before I retired in 1998 from 37 years of teaching. “My teaching career was mostly in special education, following a few years teaching second and first grade. I became one of the first resource teachers in California back in 1980 after getting my master's degree in special education."
Ettamarie is also a longtime friend and supporter of UC Davis. She delivered a tribute to the late Eric Mussen (1946-2022), a 38-year California Cooperative Extension apiculturist and member of the Department of Entomology and Nematology faculty.
Active in the beekeeping industry, Ettamarie has served as president and treasurer of Sonoma County Beekeepers' Association (SCBA) and currently edits the SCBA newsletter, The Monthly Extractor. She and her husband, Ray (a non-beekeeper), enjoy life on the Peterson Ranch. "We've been married for 65 years and have 3 children, 9 grandchildren and 12 great grandchildren! What a wonderful life I have!”
While she chatted with the children and the adults, Dr. George Stock, a retired Vacaville-Fairfield physician costumed in a California Master Beekeeper Program bee suit, handed out honey sticks, gifts from the Z Food Specialty/The Hive, Woodland.
Peterson also shared scientific information (some the work of UC Davis emeritus professor Norm Gary), and a cut-out bee from the Sonoma Farm Bureau. Youngsters delighted in posing for pictures as a bee. They also switched to a butterfly (a cut-out banner of the California dogface butterfly loaned by the Bohart Museum of Entomology, UC Davis).
Pamela King and Diana McLaughlin co-chaired the children's party, themed "Fun on the Farm." The activities? The children petted the Vaca Valley Grange animals, blew bubbles, planted seeds, played a ring toss game, created chalk drawings, decorated paper crowns, and engaged with Mother Goose and the Vacaville Public Library staff. Meanwhile, the Rainbow Girls painted faces and the School of Rock presented a live perormance. A special treat: The Vacaville Police Department, Solano County Sheriff's Office and the California Highway Patrol provided them with replica law enforcement badges and other gifts. The CHP fitted the kids with free bicycle helmets.
All in all, it was a buzzworthy event.
![Ettmarie Peterson, known as Ettmarie Peterson, known as](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108293.jpg)
![Honey Bee (Dr.George Stock, a retired physician) peeks around to see what's happening by the bee observation hive. Beekeeper Ettmarie Peterson (right) is chatting with Hunter Banks, 3, and his grandmother, Margaret Banks. Hunter is wearing his Honey Bee (Dr.George Stock, a retired physician) peeks around to see what's happening by the bee observation hive. Beekeeper Ettmarie Peterson (right) is chatting with Hunter Banks, 3, and his grandmother, Margaret Banks. Hunter is wearing his](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108294.jpg)
![Beekeeper Ettmarie Peterson (right) discusses bees with Damian Strzelczyk, 3, and his mother, Marta Strzelczyk. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) Beekeeper Ettmarie Peterson (right) discusses bees with Damian Strzelczyk, 3, and his mother, Marta Strzelczyk. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108295.jpg)
![Emeline Swank and her grandmother Maryann Henn (far left), a member of Museum Guild, learn about bees from beekeeper Ettamarie Peterson. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey) Emeline Swank and her grandmother Maryann Henn (far left), a member of Museum Guild, learn about bees from beekeeper Ettamarie Peterson. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)](/blogs/blogcore/blogfiles/108296.jpg)