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Fertilizing Vegetables

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BEANS, BUSH SNAP

Nitrogen (N) for bush snap beans

You may have to adjust amounts of nitrogen listed here where the past crop, climate, soil type, etc., affects the amount available to beans. Bush snap bean experts don't consider the crop to be a "heavy feeder".

A total of from 40 to 60 pounds of N are applied per acre. Too much nitrogen may slow down maturity. U.C. tests so far show that it does not pay to apply over 60 pounds of N per acre for once-over, machine-picked snap beans.

Somewhat more N may be used on multiple harvest, fresh-market snap beans. About 10 to 20 pounds of the N is applied with the band of phosphate starter (see phosphorus, below). The rest of the nitrogen is sidedressed 2 to 3 weeks after emergence.

Phosphorus (P) for bush snap beans

Field tests by U.C. scientists show that about 100 pounds of P205 (50 pounds P) per acre should be used for beans. All of the phosphorus and 10 to 20 pounds of the nitrogen are applied in a band 2 inches below the seed. Excessive use of phosphate (over about 100 pounds P205) may mean poorer yields, possibly due to zinc deficiency.

Potassium (K) for bush snap beans Soil test for K from Table 3.

a. Probably responsive--depending on how severe the deficiency is, from 100 to 150 pounds of K per acre are broadcast before listing beds.

b. Not responsive--no potassium fertilizer is applied.

Other Nutrients

Beans are especially sensitive to zinc and manganese deficiencies. Add zinc at or before planting if your soil tests 0.6 ppm zinc or less (see Table 10 for directions).

On soils short of manganese, you may use foliar sprays to correct the deficiency (Table 11). Manganese deficient bean plants are a yellowish-green color between the veins, with veins staying green.

Iron deficiency looks somewhat like a manganese shortage, but the yellowing with iron deficiency is more confined to the newest growth only. Yellowing between the veins from zinc deficiency on beans is less "clean cut" than from iron or manganese.

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BROCCOLI, CAULIFLOWER, CABBAGE

Nitrogen (N) for broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage

Cabbage is commonly fertilized with a total of 90 to 200 pounds of N per acre, in one to three sidedressings before heading starts. Sidedressing after heading might give you less solid heads, slower growth. The lower rates may be best when you plant after a crop heavily fertilized with N on silt or clay type soils, and when cabbage grows fast. With too much N, heads may crack and not hold long in the field.

On Snowball Y cauliflower, about 200 pounds N are applied per acre. About 40 pounds N are applied at planting. The rest goes on in I to 3 sidedressings before heads start to form. If you apply nitrogen when heading starts, leafy, or loose curds may be a problem. Too much nitrogen is also linked with hollow stems, especially when plants are spaced far apart.

For broccoli, U.C. field studies at West Side Field Station showed that a total of 200 pounds of N per acre resulted in 90% maximum yield. It took an extra 200 pounds N per acre (400 pounds total) to achieve maximum yield. Think about nitrogen costs before going for a small yield increase at best.

One fourth of the nitrogen is broadcast before listing and the rest put on in 2 to 3 sidedressings.

Phosphorus (P) for broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Below 15 ppm--about 200 to 250 pounds P205, plus 40 pounds N per acre are broadcast before listing.
  2. 15 to 30 ppm--from 150 to 200 pounds P205, plus 40 pounds N per acre are broadcast before listing.

c. Above 30 ppm--about 40 pounds of N per acre are broadcast and disced down before listing. At most, 80 pounds P205 per acre are banded 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below seeds or roots on plantings made in cold soils. Warm soils testing high in phosphate don't need any more phosphorus fertilizer. But 40 pounds N per acre broadcast before discing and listing may help push the seedlings off to a good start.

Potassium (K) for broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM (K) (from Table 3)

  1. Probably responsive--depending on how severe the deficiency is, from 100 to 200 pounds of K.0 per acre are broadcast and plowed down before listing up beds.
  2. Not responsive--no potassium fertilizers are applied.

Other nutrients

Cauliflower is very sensitive to boron deficiency. Symptoms include brown or water-soaked hollow areas in the center of the stem. You can prevent boron deficiency by applying 2 pounds of actual boron (B) per acre, mixed in the soil before planting. But it's probably best to use foliar sprays if beans, strawberries or cucumbers follow right after the cole crop.

Compared to cauliflower, broccoli and cabbage are not as responsive to boron. But they might benefit from 1 pound of soil-applied B per acre. Sodium borate is used to supply the boron.

Foliar sprays of 0.3 pounds actual B per acre have also been used for boron deficiency on cole crops. Again, sodium borate formulations are used for foliar sprays.

Both cauliflower and broccoli are sensitive to still another deficiency-molybdenum. Here, newly formed leaves are irregular in shape, having a mainly bare midrib. The problem is often called "whiptail". An early foliar spray with sodium molybdate can prevent the problem.

Other deficiencies? They may be corrected using handy instructions in Tables 10 and 11. In the case of manganese deficiency, sprays are normally repeated a few times.

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CANTALOUPES, SQUASH

Nitrogen for cantaloupes

Field tests by U.C. vegetable experts show that cantaloupes should get 30 to 60 pounds N per acre banded with the phosphorus fertilizer at planting, a few inches to the side and a few inches below the seed. Later, when vines begin to run, about 60 more pounds of N per acre are sidedressed. A total of 100 to 150 pounds of N per acre are applied.

Phosphorus for cantaloupes

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

Experiments show that phosphorus is 4 to 5 times more efficient when banded than when broadcast; that is, ten pounds banded will give about the same results as 40 pounds broadcast.

  1. Responsive (below 8 - 15 ppm)--120* pounds Of P205 per acre are applied in twin bands, 6 inches to the sides and 6 inches below the seed at planting.
  2. Not responsive (above 15 ppm)--on early plantings when soils are cool, 100* pounds Of P205 per acre are applied in twin bands, 6 inches to the sides and 6 inches below the seed at planting. On later plantings, the nitrogen fertilizer alone may be banded at planting.

Potassium (K) for cantaloupes (sodium or ammonium acetate test)

  1. Below 80 ppm--depending on how severe the deficiency is, from 100 to 200 pounds of K20 per acre are broadcast and disced before listing up beds.
  2. Above 100 ppm--no potassium fertilizer is applied. Other nutrients

If your soil tests low in zinc (Table 4), correct the deficiency (Table 10). But in U.C. research so far, cantaloupes haven't been helped by other micronutrient applications.

* Spring crops in Imperial Valley receive 200 pounds P205 per acre because of a higher phosphate requirement in that area. On fall plantings there, 100 pounds P205 are applied.

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CARROTS

Nitrogen (N) for carrots

Carrot growers usually find that no more than about 150 to 220 total pounds of N per acre are needed. The amount of N carrots can use (within this 150 to 220-pound range) depends on the source of N, timing and placement, the previous crop, soil type and how often you irrigate.

About 40-50 pounds of the N are broadcast along with the preplant phosphorus fertilizer. The rest of the N is put on in 3 sidedressings. Some carrot researchers say that no nitrogen fertilizer should be applied within 40 days of harvest, due to the danger of root splitting.

Solid set sprinkler systems can let you meter out the crop's N fertilizer as needed, in several small doses through the sprinklers. Fresh manure should not be applied before planting carrots. Research has shown that using fresh manure can result in forked roots.

Phosphorus for carrots

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Highly responsive (below 15 ppm)--be sure to mix the preplant fertilizer well with the soil to reduce root forking. Fertilizer containing 200 to 250 pounds P205 per acre (and 40 to 50 pounds of N) is broadcast and disced in before listing up beds.
  2. Probably responsive (15 to 30 ppm)--fertilizer containing 200 pounds Of P205 per acre (and 40 to 50 pounds of N) is broadcast and disced in before listing up beds.
  3. Not responsive (above 3 m)--carrots planted when soils are cold may be given 100-120 pounds P205 per acre (and 40 to 50 pounds of N) broadcast and disced in before listing up beds. Plantings made after soils warm up receive no phosphorus fertilizer.

Potassium (K) for carrots

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM (K) from Table 3

  1. Probably responsive--from 100 to 300 pounds of K20 per acre are applied preplant, depending on how severe the deficiency is. Disc in the potassium fertilizer before listing up beds.
  2. Not responsive--no potassium fertilizers are applied.

Other nutrients

Soils testing below 1.0 ppm zinc get a broadcast application of zinc fertilizer (Table 10).

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CELERY

Nitrogen for celery

Based on U.C. studies, transplant celery growers should try (on parts of their field) putting on only about 40% of the sidedress nitrogen in the first sidedressing and 60% in the second. The suggested trial "40% then 60%" takes into account the fact that you cannot always schedule sidedressings at the ideal time. So you don't want to take a chance of the field running low on nitrogen if you get behind.

Total amount of sidedress nitrogen would be 200 to 400 pounds of N. In this suggested trial program, only nitrogen (not "mixed" fertilizer) is suggested.

Phosphorus (P) for celery

If 300 cubic feet of poultry manure per acre are applied before planting, the celery will be given about 327 pounds of P205, far more than any vegetable crop can be expected to use, especially on "rich ground" testing over 30 ppm P. (Also, 300 cubic feet of poultry manure contains more than enough nitrogen to get celery started.)

If steer manure is used, 12-14 tons per acre (dry weight) are applied the first year on your "trial plot", with lesser amounts the following years. Remember that celery is somewhat salt sensitive. Besides the manure, 100 pounds P205 per acre may be applied in a band 2 inches to either side and 2 inches below roots of transplants to get them started uniformly.

Potassium (K) for celery

If soil tests below 150 ppm K, from 150 to 300 pounds of K20 per acre are broadcast and disced ahead of planting. Amount depends on how far below 150 ppm the soil tests. Soils above 150 ppm K receive no potassium fertilizer.

Other nutrients

Celery is very sensitive to boron deficiency. Boron starved plants have a brown-russet color on the inner side of ribs. Ribs may also have brown stripes or crosswise cracks.

Boron sprays prevent the problem when you spray young plants at 1/2 pound of boron per acre. This amount of boron can be supplied by 2 1/2 pounds of sodium borate containing 20% boron. Chances are you'll find boron deficiency more often where too much potassium or nitrogen, or both, are applied.

When older leaves turn yellow between the veins, magnesium deficiency can be the cause. It should be easy to correct a magnesium deficiency by spraying plants weekly with magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) at the rate of 10 pounds per hundred gallons of water.

Utah 52-70 strains have had fewer problems with magnesium deficiency than older varieties. Early Orange County observations seem to show that if magnesium sulfate is applied, calcium nitrate should also be used to prevent blackheart.

Blackheart is basically caused by calcium deficiency. High temperatures, fast growth, lack of water, excess soil salinity and excess nitrogen have also been associated with blackheart.

You can prevent blackheart when conditions favor it by weekly sprays of 15 pounds of calcium nitrate per 100 gallons of water. The spray must thoroughly wet the heart of the plant. On older plants it may take 150 to 200 gallons of solution per acre, directed to the heart of plants. In other words, "low gallonage" sprays are not for stopping blackheart.

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CORN, SWEET

Nitrogen (N) for sweet corn

A total of 150 to 230 pounds of N are applied per acre. The higher rates are used on slower growing (early) plantings or on sandy soils. And, according to Iowa State University field corn experts, plants spaced close together need more N than plants with wide gaps between them. (In southern California, the "Jubilee" variety has given exceptionally high yields when squeezed close together--24,500 plants per acre.)

About half of the N is sidedressed before the first irrigation. The rest may be applied at the earliest sign of tasseling. University of California field studies show that this, "earliest tassel" application helps prevent shriveling of tip kernels where plants run out of nitrogen near harvest.

If soil tests show a need for phosphorus or potassium, apply these fertilizers at or before planting. Do not sidedress with fertilizers con phosphorus or potassium. Sidedress only with nitrogen fertilizer.

If your early corn is immediately replanted to another corn crop for fall harvest, about 50 pounds of N per acre broadcast at planting may be useful. This is in addition to sidedressed N. (Soil organisms breaking down the old corn residues may have temporarily tied up available N for the second corn crop.)

Phosphorus for sweet corn

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Below 6 ppm-fertilizer containing 100 pounds of P205 per acre and 25 to 35 pounds N are applied in a band 3 inches to either side and 2 inches below the seed. See also "Other nutrients" below.
  2. 6 to 12 ppm--fertilizer containing 70 pounds P205 per acre and 17 to 25 pounds N are applied in a band 3 inches to either side and 2 inches below the seed. -See also "Other nutrients" below.
  3. Above 12 ppm--fertilizer containing 30 to 50 pounds P205 per acre (depending on how rich in P the soil tests) and 7 to 17 pounds N are applied 3 inches to the side and 2 inches below the seed on early plantings when soils are cold. No starter fertilizer is applied after soils have warmed up. See also "Other nutrients" below.

Potassium for sweet corn

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM (K) from Table 3

  1. Probably responsive--100 to 150 pounds of K20 per acre are plowed down ahead of planting. About 40 pounds of K20 per acre may also be put in the band with N and P205 fertilizer.
  2. Not responsive--no potassium fertilizers are applied.

Other nutrients

Sweet corn is very sensitive to zinc deficiency. If your soil is low in zinc, you should apply 5 pounds actual zinc per acre in the banded starter fertilizer. or broadcast 10-20 pounds of actual zinc and disc it in. (See Table 10.) What if you use foliar sprays of zinc? Florida workers find that zinc oxide is safer for sweet corn than zinc sulfate.

Many growers have wondered about the striped look of corn leaves. Those stripes may simply be due to a varietal trait. Or they could be caused by a micro-nutrient deficiency. If your soil is above ph 7, you might want to test iron, zinc, manganese and copper sprays to correct this striping. (See Table 11.) But, just "removing the stripes" from sweet corn may not mean bigger yields. (See Table 9.)

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CUCUMBERS, PICKLING

Nitrogen for pickling cucumbers

University of California crop experts have found that 10 pounds of N per acre should be included with the phosphorus (see below) at planting. The nitrogen is put on as a small band, 2 inches directly below the seed. At thinning time, or sooner, sidedress with 80 to 90 pounds of N per acre.

Phosphorus for pickling cucumbers SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Highly responsive (below 8 ppm)--150-200 pounds of P20, per acre may be broadcast, if desired. Then 50 pounds Of P205 are banded, along with the 10 pounds of N, 2 inches directly below the seed at planting.
  2. Probably responsive (8 to 15 ppm)--150 pounds of P205 per acre may be broadcast, if desired. Then 50 pounds of P205 are banded, along with the 10 pounds of N, 2 inches directly below the seed at planting.
  3. Not responsive (above 15 ppm)--if soils are cool at planting, 50 pounds of P205 per acre are banded, along with the 10 pounds of N, 2 inches directly below the seed at planting. If your soils are warm at planting, no phosphorus fertilizer is applied. At planting, only the 10 pounds of N are applied 2 inches directly below the seed.

Potassium (K) for pickling cucumbers

From Table 3.

  1. Probably responsive--depending on how severe the deficiency is, from 100 to 200 pounds of K20 per acre are broadcast and disced before listing up the beds.
  2. Probably not responsive--no potassium fertilizer is applied.

Other nutrients

Where soil tests for zinc are low, deficiencies should be corrected. But so far, pickling cucumbers are not known to be helped much by correcting micronutrient deficiencies.

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ONIONS

Nitrogen (N) for dry bulb onions

A total of 120 to 300 pounds of N are applied per acre. Amount depends on how sandy the soil is, and how often you irrigate, leaching nitrogen from onions' shallow root system.

University of California research so far showed ammonium sulfate applied early in the growing period worked much better than early use of aqua or anhydrous ammonia. It seems young onions are especially sensitive to ammonia burn. Even ammonium sulfate can cause ammonia injury in alkaline desert soils.

Only about 40 to 50 pounds of N per acre are applied at planting time, along with the phosphate fertilizer. The rest of the N is sidedressed two or more times before bulbs start to form. If you put on nitrogen after bulbing starts, you run the risk of thick-necked onions. And where short day (fall planted) onions are grown, excess nitrogen on young onions boosts the number of seeders or bolters.

Onions highly deficient in nitrogen have a very light-green color and are upright in growth habit.

Phosphorus (P) for onions

Field research by both Michigan State University (acid soils) and the University of California (alkaline soils) show that banding phosphorus fertilizer directly below the seed or transplant is best. Why? Once again, compared with broadcasting or other placement, you can expect banding to give equal yields while cutting the fertilizer bill.

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Highly responsive (below 8 ppm)--150 pounds Of P205 per acre may be broadcast just before listing. Then 100-120 pounds P205 per acre (along with 40 to 50 pounds of N) are banded 3 to 4 inches directly below the seed or transplant. See also micronutrients for onions.
  2. Probably responsive (8 to 12 ppm)--100-120 pounds of P205 per acre (along with 40 to 50 pounds of N) are banded 3 to 4 inches directly below the seed or transplant. See also micronutrients for onions.
  3. Not responsive (above 12 ppm)--depending on how high the soil tests, 60-120 pounds Of P205 per acre (along with 40 to 50 pounds of N) are banded 3 to 4 inches directly below the seed or transplant. This is put on because winter or spring onions are planted when soils are cold, and phosphorus availability is low. Fall planted onions might be seeded when soil is warm, but will grow through the winter when your soil is cold and phosphorus is less available.

Potassium (K) for onions on mineral soils

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM--sodium or ammonium acetate test

  1. Below 80 ppm--100 to 200 pounds K20, depending on how severe the problem is, are broadcast per acre and disced in before listing beds.
  2. Above 100 ppm--no potassium fertilizer is applied.

Micronutrients for onions

You'll find instructions for correcting micronutrient deficiencies in Tables 10, 11 and 12. Below are the micronutrients especially important for onions on alkaline soils:

Zinc--on soils testing under 0.8 ppm zinc, onions may grow better if zinc fertilizer is applied. Onions highly deficient in zinc have yellow stripes running up and down the leaves. Tops twist and bend, a little like corkscrews.

Manganese--symptoms of manganese deficiency include slow growth, curling of leaves, light-green color of leaves, delayed bulbing and thick necks.

Copper--copper deficient onions have tip dieback and poor coloration on yellow bulb varieties, but these symptoms are easily confused with other problems of onions.

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PEPPERS

Nitrogen (N) for peppers

Chili peppers - about 10 to 15 pounds of N per acre are applied with the phosphorus fertilizer in a band 2 inches directly below the seed. Then from 180 to 220 pounds N per acre are sidedressed in 2 to 3 sidedressings.

Sweet peppers - 10 to 15 pounds of N per acre are applied in a band 2 inches directly below the seed or transplant. For sustained production over a long period, growers sometimes put on 40 pounds N per acre every two weeks until they decide to cut off production.

Phosphorus (P) for peppers

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Highly responsive (below 8 ppm)--150 to 250 pounds P205 per acre may be broadcast before listing to bring up the fertility of the field. Then about 60 to 90 pounds P205 per acre are banded 2 inches directly under the seed or transplant. That assumes rows are 30 inches apart.
  2. Probably responsive (8 to 15 ppm)--150 to 200 pounds P205 per acre may be broadcast before listing to bring up the fertility of the field. Then about 60 to 90 pounds P205 per acre are banded 2 inches directly below the seed or transplant. That assumes rows are 30 inches apart.
  3. Not responsive (above 15 ppm)--about 50 to 90 pounds P205 per acre are banded 2 inches directly below the seed or transplant when you plant in cool weather. If you plant in warm soil, no phosphorus fertilizer may be needed.

Potassium (K) for peppers

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM, Table 3

  1. Probably responsive--depending on how severe the problem is, 100 to 200 pounds K20 per acre are broadcast and disced in before listing beds.
  2. Probably not responsive--no potassium fertilizer is applied.

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POTATOES

University of California potato experts have run more than 80 field experiments to learn the fertilizer needs of potatoes. Tests were made in all major production areas of the state. Here are the findings:

Nitrogen (N) for potatoes

University of California research shows that on mineral soils, you should put on a total of 150 to 300 pounds of N per acre. The amount you'll need depends on such things as carryover from the last crop, soil type, amount of nitrogen in the irrigation water and how often you irrigate.

When should you apply the nitrogen? Assuming you expect some leaching, applying 1/2 to 2/3 at planting time and the rest through the irrigation water will probably give highest yields and best quality. You should apply no nitrogen later than about 60 days after emergence.

Nitrogen applied later than about 60 days after emergence

  • will not increase yields;
  • will delay harvest;
  • results in poorer quality tubers that will not ship as well, store as well, maintain shelf life as long or process as well;
  • promotes vine growth, hollow heart, blackspot and bruising.

Which nitrogen fertilizer for potatoes?

In U.C. field studies, ammonium sulfate usually outperformed urea, Nitroform and calcium nitrate by 30 to 100 cwt per acre on sandy, alkaline soils.

While ammonium sulfate is considered unsurpassed for potatoes, other nitrogen fertilizers can perform well where soils are acid. These include other ammonium forms, nitrate fertilizers and urea. However, if you apply urea or ammonia at midseason or later, plant nitrogen levels can be undesirably high late in the season.

Phosphorus (P) for potatoes

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P) (sodium bicarbonate test on mineral soils)

  1. Below 18 ppm--120 pounds P205 per acre are banded 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the seed piece, along with 1/2 to 2/3 the N (see above). Rather than banding, fertilizer may be broadcast immediately before listing. However, it usually takes less phosphorus when it's banded.
  2. 18 to 35 ppm--100 pounds P 0 5 per acre are banded 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the seed piece, along with 1/2 to 2/3 the N. Rather than banding, fertilizer may be broadcast immediately before listing. However, it usually takes less phosphorus when it's banded.
  3. Above 35ppm --80 pounds P205 per acre are banded 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the seed piece, along with 1/2 to 2/3 the N if potatoes are planted when soils are cold. Potatoes planted in warm soils receive NO phosphorus fertilizer.

Potassium (K) for potatoes

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM, Table 3

  1. Below 150ppm--from 100 to 200 pounds K20 per acre are broadcast and disced in before planting. Or, 100-150 pounds K20 per acre are put in a band with the nitrogen and phosphorus--provided the band is 2 to 4 inches away from and slightly below the seed piece.
  2. Above 150 ppm--no potassium fertilizer is applied.

Other nutrients

Zinc levels below 0.6 ppm to 0.8 ppm should be corrected at or before planting (Table 10). If your early season tissue tests drop below 10-15 ppm in manganese, 4 corrective sprays, each containing 1 pound manganese per acre (4 pounds manganese sulfate) may be helpful (see Table 11).

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WATERMELONS

Nitrogen for watermelons

You'll apply about 10 pounds of N per acre along with the phosphorus, either 3 inches directly below the seed, or 4 inches to the side and 3 inches deeper than the bottom of the transplant. When plants are 3-5 inches high, put down 80 to 100 pounds of N per acre, 12 to 18 inches to the side of the plant and 8 to 10 inches deep. Use a single shank between the row and the irrigation furrow. Heavy applications of N should not be made late in the season.

Phosphorus (P) for watermelons

SOIL TEST FOR PHOSPHORUS (P)

  1. Highly responsive (below 8 ppm)--120 pounds P are applied per acre (along with the 10 pounds of N) in a band inches directly below the seed, or 4 inches to the side and 3 inches deeper than the bottom of the transplant.
  2. Probably responsive (8 to 15 ppm)--100 pounds P205 are applied per acre (along with the 10 pounds of N) in a band 3 inches directly below the seed, or 4 inches to the side and 3 inches deeper than the bottom of the transplant.
  3. Not responsive (above 15 PPM)--on early plantings when soils are cool, 100 pounds P205, are applied per acre (along with the 10 pounds of N) in a band 3 'inches directly below the seed, or 4 inches to the side and 3 inches deeper than the bottom of the transplant. After soils warm up, no phosphorus is applied.

Potassium (K) for watermelons

SOIL TEST FOR POTASSIUM, Table 3

  1. Probably responsive--depending on how severe the problem is, from 100 to 200 pounds K20 per acre are plowed down before listing up beds.
  2. Not responsive--no potassium fertilizer is applied.

Other nutrients

Where soil tests for zinc are low, deficiencies should be corrected (Table 10).

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